A review of hydrogen as a compression ignition engine fuel

Dimitriou, Pavlos; Tsujimura, Taku

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.07.232

Cited by 282 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Also, at high hydrogen energy ratio, the increased φ raises the tendency for pre-ignition, similar to SI engine applications. As reviewed elsewhere, a majority of previous investigations were limited to a hydrogen energy share of ∼30-40% at low and medium loads and ∼6-25% at high load [60,61]. While a study by Santoso et al [62] demonstrated a utilization of 97% hydrogen energy share in this engine mode is possible in a single-cylinder compression-ignition engine at 1.9 bar BMEP, a trade-off in the engine efficiency was also reported with increased hydrogen share.…”

Section: Pilot-fuel-ignited Engine With Port Hydrogen Injectionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Nevertheless, over 50% of CO and smoke emission reduction relative to diesel operation has been reported at substitution rate of 46% [63]. The effect of diesel substitution with hydrogen on NO x emissions is still not fully understood and contradictory engine testing results were reported [60]. For instance, Saravanan et al [64] claimed that NO x emissions can be lowered if hydrogen substitution is more than 30% of energy share, which was attributed to a reduced peak combustion temperature.…”

Section: Pilot-fuel-ignited Engine With Port Hydrogen Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the contrary, Sandalci et al [63] reported that increased NO x emissions with hydrogen addition under all tested conditions, from 0-46% hydrogen energy fraction. This was attributed to the pathway of unburned hydrogen, oxidized to HO 2 , boosting the conversion of NO to NO 2 [60]. This shows that the underlying mechanisms, governing the efficiency and pollutant formation in this combustion mode, are still not well understood.…”

Section: Pilot-fuel-ignited Engine With Port Hydrogen Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential for the substitution of conventional fuel is also limited. Different injection strategies and charge cooling strategies should be further developed to improve NO x emissions and pre-ignition problem leading to a higher hydrogen share, respectively, for this engine mode [60]. While hydrogen PFI is relatively straightforward to implement with the current engine technology and can be used in short term to promote hydrogen ICE development, more advanced combustion strategies are required to overcome the limitations of PFI in achieving high engine loads and reducing emissions.…”

Section: Pilot-fuel-ignited Engine With Port Hydrogen Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Hydrogen Direct Injection for Internal Combustion Engines: Towards Carbon-Free Combustion

et al. 2019

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A paradigm shift towards the utilization of carbon-neutral and low emission fuels is necessary in the internal combustion engine industry to fulfil the carbon emission goals and future legislation requirements in many countries. Hydrogen as an energy carrier and main fuel is a promising option due to its carbon-free content, wide flammability limits and fast flame speeds. For spark-ignited internal combustion engines, utilizing hydrogen direct injection has been proven to achieve high engine power output and efficiency with low emissions. This review provides an overview of the current development and understanding of hydrogen use in internal combustion engines that are usually spark ignited, under various engine operation modes and strategies. This paper then proceeds to outline the gaps in current knowledge, along with better potential strategies and technologies that could be adopted for hydrogen direct injection in the context of compression-ignition engine applications—topics that have not yet been extensively explored to date with hydrogen but have shown advantages with compressed natural gas.

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Section: Pilot-fuel-ignited Engine With Port Hydrogen Injectionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Pilot-fuel-ignited Engine With Port Hydrogen Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pilot-fuel-ignited Engine With Port Hydrogen Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pilot-fuel-ignited Engine With Port Hydrogen Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review of Hydrogen Direct Injection for Internal Combustion Engines: Towards Carbon-Free Combustion

et al. 2019

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“…But due to the high cost of the required equipment, as well as the need for large space to install them, in addition to continuous and costly maintenance, it has not yet been able to be introduced as a promising source for the replacement of fossil fuels and widely used. Also, in some parts of the world, because of the atmospheric conditions of that area or the angle of the sun's radiation, it is virtually impossible to use this source of energy [4,5]. But proton-exchanging fuel cells have been emerging for some time now as a tempting substitute for fossil fuels, especially in fuel for vehicles [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of epoxy/graphite/nano-copper nanocomposite for the fabrication of bipolar plate for PEMFCs

et al. 2019

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In this research, the synthesis of a suitable nanocomposite in terms of properties and economics for use in bipolar plates in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has been carried out successfully. Nowadays, bipolar plates play a significant role in fuel cells which is absolutely important in renewable energy industry. So, epoxy/graphite/nano-copper nanocomposite bipolar plates are prepared by bulk molding compound process. Graphite and nano-copper were added as primary and secondary fillers to the composite, respectively. Epoxy resin was selected since fabrication bulk molding can be done with ease and also because of its lower cost compared to other materials. Although graphite could increase conductive characteristics, it is not sufficient for bipolar plates. Therefore, we boost the conductive properties by increasing nano-copper. Due to the small size of nanoscale copper, it can be well dispersed in polymer and graphite matrix; nano-copper can release conductive properties perfectly throughout the composite. Different percentages of nano-copper, graphite and constant percentage of epoxy are used for this purpose. The electrical resistance, flexural strength, and density of composites were measured according to the applicable standards. The morphology of the prepared plate was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) found that fillers disperse well in the matrix. Innovations in this work include improving properties and increasing the efficiency of the nanocomposite by adding metal nanoparticles (copper). Graphical AbstractKeywords Bipolar plate · Nanocomposite · Fuel cell · Nano-copper · GraphitePublisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Effect of different hydrogen blending ratios on combustion process of gasoline‐fueled rotary engine

Pan

Huang

et al. 2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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The pre‐eminent gasoline rotary engine may be criticized for its unsatisfactory fuel consumption rate and unburnt emissions. The clean and renewable hydrogen fuel is a promising alternative for conventional fuels to improve the combustion process and power performance of the rotary engine. In this article, highly advanced numerical simulation was used to obtain some pivotal results such as the distribution of combustion intermediates, the turbulent kinetic energy, the kinetic rate of reactions, and the fuel concentration fields which are difficult to experimentally achieve. An experimentally validated three‐dimensional dynamic simulation model of a rotary engine coupled with chemical kinetics skeletal mechanism was set up to exactly investigate the effects of hydrogen blending on the combustion process, power performance, and pollutant emissions. The results showed that with the increase of hydrogen mixing ratio, the average pressure and the peak pressure increased in the combustion process. Meanwhile, more combustion active intermediates were generated in both the flame development period and flame propagation period. The mass fraction of OH and H radicals has an increase of 36% and 34%, respectively. The fuel combustion rate rose and the turbulent kinetic energy increased which are conducive to improving flame diffusion in the rear part of the chamber and thus facilitate the complete combustion of the fuel. Moreover, the hydrogen blending led to an effective reduction in the CO emission of gasoline‐fueled rotary engine; however, the NO emission slightly increased due to the rise of temperature in cylinder. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13146, 2019

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A review of hydrogen as a compression ignition engine fuel

Cited by 282 publications

References 85 publications

A Review of Hydrogen Direct Injection for Internal Combustion Engines: Towards Carbon-Free Combustion

A Review of Hydrogen Direct Injection for Internal Combustion Engines: Towards Carbon-Free Combustion

Synthesis and characterization of epoxy/graphite/nano-copper nanocomposite for the fabrication of bipolar plate for PEMFCs

Effect of different hydrogen blending ratios on combustion process of gasoline‐fueled rotary engine

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