A Review of Hybrid Supply Modulators in CMOS Technologies for Envelope Tracking PAs

Bhardwaj, Sumit; Moallemi, Soroush; Kitchen, Jennifer

doi:10.1109/tpel.2022.3233441

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Usually, modern wireless communications use high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Table 2 shows some standards with their PAPRs [25,26]. Therefore, using a fixed power supply like conventional PAs leads to a high power loss as shown in Figure 3a.…”

Section: Solutions For Variable Power Supply and Reducing Power Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ET technique is a popular method to improve the efficiency of Pas [26], especially when the input signal has high PAPR [29]. In other words, ET is another technique to provide a variable power supply shown in In contrast EER technique, this structure does not need to separate the envelope and phase of an RF-signal in the path of the main PA.…”

Section: Envelope Tracking (Et)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of different structures of power amplifiers to improve linearity and efficiency

Ziraksaz

2024

Comput. Telecommun. Eng.

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<p>This review paper presents a comprehensive study of commonly used power amplifier (PA) structures. In recent years, with the development of modern wireless telecommunications and their dramatic challenges, new requirements are needed. In addition, some applications, like cell phones and tablets for example, need new considerations, especially in terms of power consumption. Also, linearity is another major factor in designing a PA. Furthermore, fabrication technologies such as complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS), silicon on insulator (SOI), gallium nitride (GaN), gallium arsenide (GaAs), etc., play a crucial role in terms of power consumption. Therefore, it is necessary for PAs to meet these considerations. This paper reviews design considerations, fabrication technologies and common PA structures including envelope tracking (ET), envelope elimination and restoration (EER), Doherty, linear amplification with nonlinear components (LINC), feedback and feedforward linearization techniques with their pros and cons. This review focuses on the significant achievements, techniques, structures and characteristics of each. Also, this review focuses on the significant achievements, techniques, structures and characteristics of each. Also, this paper tries to provide a brief overview of the various methods with the advantages and disadvantages of each. This review paper tries to make readers familiar with common structures so that readers know the advantages and disadvantages of each and choose the desired structure based on their priorities.</p>

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Section: Solutions For Variable Power Supply and Reducing Power Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Envelope Tracking (Et)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of different structures of power amplifiers to improve linearity and efficiency

Ziraksaz

2024

Comput. Telecommun. Eng.

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“…The main challenge presented by EAs is that they must provide enough bandwidth and a slew rate to meet the linearity needs of the envelope of the RF signal to be amplified (which can range from DC to tens of megahertz in some cases). Regarding this, the literature proposes a wide variety of design and implementation ideas [26][27][28][29][30], ranging from linear to switched to hybrid architectures. However, there are few commercial devices (operational amplifiers or DC-DC converters with a high dynamic response) The measured harmonic rejection obtained by this amplifier, which uses no harmonic low-pass filter, is better than 35 dBc at 2f O harmonics within its operating bandwidth, and the rejection of all other harmonic content is better than 27 dBc.…”

Section: High-efficiency Wideband Envelope Amplifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Efficiency GaN-Based Power Amplifiers for Envelope Nonlinearities’ Mitigation in VHF Wideband Polar-Mode Transmitters

Patiño-Gómez,

Ortega-González

2023

Electronics

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Space-based communications at the very high frequency (VHF) band for air traffic management is a new technology application under development that requires energy-efficient architectures to mitigate the power limitations of satellite platforms. The usage of high-efficiency radiofrequency (RF) transmitters can help reduce the power consumption, but nonlinearities concerning the amplified signal in wide fractional bandwidth systems are a problem to solve. This paper proposes a high-efficiency (RF) power amplifier (PA) for satellite communications at the VHF band that aims to reduce the envelope distortion inherent to wide fractional bandwidth multicarrier polar-mode transmitters. Its design is based on a solution called hybrid-coupled switching voltage PA in combination with gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology. The developed VHF PA prototype delivers up to 95 W from a 28 V power supply, with a drain efficiency about 80% within the 118 MHz to 138 MHz operating band. To test its linearity performance, operating in a polar-mode configuration, a GaN-based wideband envelope amplifier (EA) has been developed to modulate the RF PA supply port. This EA improves its power efficiency by combining it with a slow envelope power supply (SEPS). Some measurements have been taken for a 100 W peak envelope power (PEP) and 10 MHz (maximum carrier spacing) four-tone digitally-modulated test signal, where any distortion product is attenuated 46 dB below the average power of the amplified signal without applying any digital predistortion (DPD) technique.

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“…Although the LA and switching regulators series structure can solve the shortcomings of the above two structures (LA and SC), it requires additional control signals to control the switching regulator. The fourth structure is hybrid, which utilizes switching converters to improve efficiency and utilizes the linear amplifier to realize the bandwidth and filter the ripple [24]. Although the fourth structure can achieve bandwidth and efficiency, most previous reports failed to fulfil large bandwidth, high efficiency, high slew-rate and output power simultaneously due to technological level [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated packaging hybrid power supply modulator for transmitter systems

Cui,

Qiu,

Leng

et al. 2024

IEICE Electron. Express

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A method is proposed for a hybrid power supply modulator (PSM) which consists of a wideband linear amplifier (LA), switching converters (SC), and a hysteresis comparator (HC) for an envelope tracking transmitter. By a compensation method of using a dual feedback network, the stability of the LA circuit is realized. A System in Package (SiP) structure based on separated gallium nitride (GaN) devices and the designed LA is proposed to achieve high performance, high reliability, and miniaturization. Ranging from -40 ~ 100℃ of operating temperature, the 3dB bandwidth of the proposed PSM can reach over 120MHz which achieves the maximum efficiency of 82% at an average output power of over 4W with 2.5 ~ 4.5V power supply. Using a long-term evolution (LTE) 10MHz quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) with Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of 6.5dB at 225 ~ 512MHz, the envelope tracking transmitter is measured that the power added efficiency (PAE) is 58.95 ~ 66.96%, Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) is 1.7 ~ 2.36%.

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A Review of Hybrid Supply Modulators in CMOS Technologies for Envelope Tracking PAs

Cited by 9 publications

References 117 publications

A review of different structures of power amplifiers to improve linearity and efficiency

A review of different structures of power amplifiers to improve linearity and efficiency

High-Efficiency GaN-Based Power Amplifiers for Envelope Nonlinearities’ Mitigation in VHF Wideband Polar-Mode Transmitters

An integrated packaging hybrid power supply modulator for transmitter systems

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