A review of history, development, design and research of electric bicycles

Hung, Nguyen Ba; Lim, Ocktaeck

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114323

Cited by 70 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The combination of pure and power-assisted types is considered as the third type. In this type, the driving power of the e-bike can be controlled either through the handlebar throttle (for the pure type) or it is a combination of rider and motor power (for pedelecs) (Hung & Lim, 2020). The European Commission also classified e-bikes based on speed and motor power including powered bikes and moped as the two main categories of throttle-controlled e-bikes.…”

Section: E-bike Riding Comfort Variables In Relation To Other Transpomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electric bike (e-bike) is considered a more environmentally friendly mode of transport compared to the vehicles that consume fossil fuels. However, e-bikes also generate greenhouse gas emissions to a certain degree (Hung & Lim, 2020). E-bikes can be considered as the fastest-growing means in the transport market in several regions of the world, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was estimated that the e-bike sale would rise to 130 million by 2025 and 800 million by 2100 (Jamerson & Benjamin, 2012). More information regarding the trend of e-bike markets can be found in (Hung & Lim, 2020). E-bikes have the power to improve and develop the role of the bike mode in urban transport systems (Rose, 2012) given their higher speed compared to bikes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From bike to electric bike level-of-service

Kazemzadeh

Ronchi

2021

Transport Reviews

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The evaluation of electric bike (e-bike) riders' perception of comfort can lead to a better understanding of user requirements. This can be performed through Level-of-service (LOS) studies. To date, the e-bike LOS (ELOS) concept is scarcely developed and research concerning e-bike travel behaviour characteristics is relatively sparse. In this paper, we use bike LOS (BLOS) studies as a foundation to identify the knowledge gap for ELOS. Along with BLOS, e-bike riding comfort and the distinction between bikes and e-bikes characteristics were scrutinised. Travel behaviour, and e-bike modal substitution research were also reviewed to provide a better picture of e-bike riders' requirements. Based on these domains, we propose a preliminary conceptual framework for the development of ELOS. The results suggest that there is a limited number of studies that whether explicitly evaluate ELOS or consider the e-bike in the BLOS analysis. Also, the extent of substitution of cars, public transport, and bikes by e-bikes can range from partial to complete replacement, thus potentially affecting ELOS developments. The specification of this substitution contributes to a deeper understanding of the ELOS concept in relation to the adaptation of LOS indices used for other transport modes. Finally, it appears evident that ELOS developments would require further research on e-bike interaction analysis in shared mobility in which vulnerable road users are present. The findings of this study help researchers and policy-makers assessing the knowledge gap in ELOS and provide them a preliminary conceptual framework for ELOS development.

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Section: E-bike Riding Comfort Variables In Relation To Other Transpomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From bike to electric bike level-of-service

Kazemzadeh

Ronchi

2021

Transport Reviews

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“…The prevalent groups of e-bike riders were investigated by clustering their risky riding behaviors; differences between e-bike styles were not considered for this paper. For further investigations at a later stage, we will focus on investigating the effects of the diversity of e-bike styles (e.g., pure electric bikes, power-assisted bicycles, and electric bikes that combine pure and power-assisted modes [2]) on risky riding behaviors to more comprehensively understand the mechanisms of risky riding behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation Mechanisms and Clustering Differences in Risky Riding Behaviors of Electric Bike Riders

et al. 2021

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“…Another issue is energy security; because of concerns regarding fossil fuel supply and undesirable economic impact by fluctuating fuel price, alternative fuel, and new vehicles have become a focus for worldwide researchers [6][7][8]. One promising choice is electric vehicles (EVs), which have significant advantages such as boosting energy efficiency, decreasing toxic emissions, and reducing noise compared with an internal combustion engine [9][10][11]. One potential electric vehicle is electric motorcycles [12], which are not only appropriate for moving a short distance over diverse terrains but also utilitarian compared with other electric vehicles with reasonable prices, maintenance, and repair expenditure [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation on the Effects of Input Parameters on the Dynamic and Electric Consumption of Electric Motorcycles

Hieu

Khoa

2021

Sustainability

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The purpose of this paper is to study how input parameters affect the dynamic characteristics and electric consumption characteristics of an electric motorcycle. To achieve this goal, a simulation model of the electric motorcycle, including dynamic models and battery models were established based on mathematical models and using the MATLAB SIMULINK software (Parnas Tower 14th Floor521 Teheran-street Gangnam-district Seoul 06164 Korea). The simulation model was used to determine the velocity, propulsion torque, electric consumption characteristics with variable electric motorcycle mass, driver mass, wheel radius, frontal area, and transmission ratio. Through the simulation study, the paper found that when the electric motorcycle mass was increased from 60 kg to 100 kg, the maximum velocity decreased by 5.45%, the moving distance was reduced by 5.89%, and electric consumption increased by 0.11%. Following increased driver mass from 48 kg to 88 kg, the velocity and moving distance decreased by 5.45% and 5.89%, respectively, while also increasing electric consumption by 0.11%. When the wheel radius was changed from 0.205 m to 0.245 m, the maximum velocity increased by 11%, the moving distance increased by 11.2%, and electric consumption increased by 0.11%. When the frontal area was increased from 0.52 m2 to 0.92 m2, the velocity and moving distance decreased by 2.43% and 2.06%, respectively, while electric consumption increased by 0.04%. When the transmission ratio was increased from 2.66 to 4.94, the velocity and moving distance increased from 30.74 km/h to 70.7 km/h and from 303.12 m to 710.44 m, respectively, while electric consumption increased by 0.16%. Finally, an experimental study is conducted to examine the dynamics of the electric motorcycle. The experimental results have the same trend with simulation in the same initial condition. Through combination simulation and experiment, the researcher can optimize the dynamic and electric consumption of an electric motorcycle.

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A review of history, development, design and research of electric bicycles

Cited by 70 publications

References 60 publications

From bike to electric bike level-of-service

From bike to electric bike level-of-service

Formation Mechanisms and Clustering Differences in Risky Riding Behaviors of Electric Bike Riders

An Investigation on the Effects of Input Parameters on the Dynamic and Electric Consumption of Electric Motorcycles

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