A review of halide charge carriers for rocking‐chair and dual‐ion batteries

Abstract

This review discusses how halide ion species have been used as charge carriers in both anion rocking-chair and dual-ion battery (DIB) systems.The anion rocking-chair batteries based on fluoride and chloride have emerged over the past decade and are garnering increased research interest due to their large theoretical energy density values and the natural abundance of halide-containing materials. Moreover, DIBs that use halide species as their anionic charge carrier are seen as one of the promising next-generation battery technologies due to their low cost and high working potentials. Although numerous polyatomic anions have been studied as charge carriers, the use of single halide ions (i.e., F − and Cl − ) and metal-based superhalides (e.g., [MgCl 3 ] − ) as anionic charge carriers in DIBs has been considerably less explored. Herein, we provide an overview of some of the key advances and recent progress that has been made with regard to halide ion charge carriers in electrochemical energy storage. We offer our perspectives on the current state of the field and provide a roadmap in hopes that it helps researchers toward making new advances in these promising and emerging areas.

Surface Lattice‐Matched Engineering Based on In Situ Spinel Interfacial Reconstruction for Stable Heterostructured Sodium Layered Oxide Cathodes

“…[13][14][15] The major bottleneck however in designing high-performance SIBs is the lack of novel cathode materials with ultra-stability in the condition of charging/discharging process and ambient air, which requires cathodes to possess excellent highly reversible structural stability and hydrophobic performance. [16][17][18][19] According to different Na + chemical environments and stacking sequences of oxygen ions, there are several categories of typical Na x TMO 2 , such as P2, P3, O2, and O3. [20][21][22] The O-type Na x TMO 2 usually delivers a great capacity (≈160 to 220 mAh g −1 ) because of the high Na contents stacking sequence, however, it suffers from the sluggish Na + transport kinetics and fast capacity decay caused by unfavorable Na + diffusion pathway and complicated phase translation when going through the process of embedding and extracting Na + .…”

Research Development on Aqueous Ammonium‐Ion Batteries

“…[ 1–16 ] These green energy sources especially like solar, wind, and tidal energy are all intermittent energy with extremely unstable periods, which in turn results in expensive costs and inconvenient use of them. [ 17–20 ] For this reason, developing a cost‐effective and sustainable energy storage technology that can integrate them into a smart power‐grid to realize convenient and efficient utilization is the key to the large‐scale collections and low‐cost storage and conversion of these green power sources. [ 21–25 ] Due to the advantages of convenience, environmental friendliness, as well as high energy conversion efficiency, advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage system based rechargeable ion battery technology is recognized as a promising and powerful solution that can efficiently couple clean energy such as solar and wind energy with intelligent grids.…”

From Copper to Basic Copper Carbonate: A Reversible Conversion Cathode in Aqueous Anion Batteries

“…In this vein, pioneering work has been focused on metal halides as electrodes with F − and Cl − as charge carriers [17, 18] . Unfortunately, metal halides often suffer dissolution in electrolytes due to the formation of complex anions [19, 20] . Recently, Lambert et al.…”