A review of growth and stand dynamics of Acer pseudoplatanus L. in Europe: implications for silviculture

Hein, Sebastian; Collet, Catherine; Ammer, Christian; Goff, Noël Le; Skovsgaard, Jens Peter; Savill, P.

doi:10.1093/forestry/cpn043

Cited by 65 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Furthermore, the stocking volume and total volume productivity of T. cordata are higher at ages <80 years compared to Fagus but lower at later stages of stand development. There is no significant difference between the total volume productivity of T. cordata and A. pseudoplatanus [50]. As height growth differs between these species, diverging patterns of tree diameter growth and stem density dynamics can be expected.…”

Section: Volume Growth and Productivitymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Unfortunately, no more information has been provided on the underlying site conditions. Compared with F. sylvatica (Figure 1d), T. cordata grows faster when young (<20-40 years) and shows a general height growth pattern similar to A. pseudoplatanus [50], F. excelsior [51], Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. [52], and Prunus avium L. [53].…”

Section: Height Growthmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, urban trees have different physical dimensions and specific allometry because of difficult water supply and extreme climatic conditions. Thus, the transfer of such findings to forest management is not appropriate [50,66]. To date, only Savill [67] has provided a simple allometric relationship for T. cordata from closed forest stands; large trees exhibit a ratio D/d (crown diameter/diameter at breast height) of 15.…”

Section: Diameter Growth and Crown Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of the Characteristics of Small-Leaved Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) and Their Implications for Silviculture in a Changing Climate

Jaegere

Hein

Claessens

2016

Forests

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Tilia cordata Mill. is a minor European broadleaved species with a wide but scattered distribution. Given its scarcity and low value in the wood market, it has received little attention from researchers and forest managers. This review summarizes the main aspects of T. cordata ecology and growth. Its main limiting factor is its need for warm summer temperatures to ensure successful seed production. It has a height growth pattern relatively similar to that of Acer pseudoplatanus L., with a slight delay in the early stages. Yield tables report great productivity, especially in eastern Europe. T. cordata used to be a major species in Europe, in contrast to its present distribution, but it is very likely to receive renewed interest in the future. Indeed, with the potential change of competition between species in some regions and the need for important diversification in others, T. cordata may play an important role in forest adaptation to climate change, especially owing to its wide ecological tolerance and its numerous ecosystem services. It is necessary to increase our knowledge about its regeneration and its responses to environmental and silvicultural factors, to establish clear management recommendations.

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Section: Volume Growth and Productivitymentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Height Growthmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Diameter Growth and Crown Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of the Characteristics of Small-Leaved Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) and Their Implications for Silviculture in a Changing Climate

Jaegere

Hein

Claessens

2016

Forests

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“…Small seedlings (< 50 cm) can survive for long periods (> 15 years) under dense canopies where the light intensity is as low as 1% of the full light (Hättenschwiler & Körner 2000). Such characteristics, along with the rapid juvenile growth, allow the sycamore maple to colonize neighboring stands with dense canopies, especially where the competition in the understorey layer is low (Hein et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are included in the list of invasive species in Lithuania, and additional alien species are currently being considered for invasive status. One of the more problematic non-native species in Lithuania is the sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L., Sapindaceae), characterized by rapid growth (when grown on suitable sites) and potentially high timber prices (Hein et al 2009). Sycamore maple is mostly a central-European, mountain species reaching its northeastern range limit in Poland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread intensity and invasiveness of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) in Lithuanian forests

Straigytė¹,

Baliuckas²

2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionDuring the early 19 th century, the practice of planting non-native tree species in Lithuania was initiated with the primary goal of increasing wood productivity. It was unknown at the time certain species would successfully undergo naturalization, and subsequently exhibit a widespread geographic distribution, threatening natural ecosystems. Vitousek & Walker (1989) characterized the alterations of the community stability and structure due to non-native tree species, which successfully proliferated and became invasive community members, limiting native plant growth (Lichstein et al. 2004). Boxelder (Acer negundo L.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) are included in the list of invasive species in Lithuania, and additional alien species are currently being considered for invasive status. One of the more problematic non-native species in Lithuania is the sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L., Sapindaceae), characterized by rapid growth (when grown on suitable sites) and potentially high timber prices (Hein et al. 2009). Sycamore maple is mostly a central-European, mountain species reaching its northeastern range limit in Poland. Sycamore is rarely found in pure stands covering small areas on steep slopes on limestones where it forms its own communities (Acerion pseudoplatani alliance -Jones 1945). More frequently it grows in mixed broad-leaved forests of the Carpinion and Alno-Padion alliances (Boratynski 1999). In Lithuania, the species grows in fertile moist sites and in secondary forests. Moreover, it is shade and frost tolerant (Navasaitis 2004), and in naturally regenerated stands often grows mixed with ash (Binggeli 1992). Typically, the species begins bearing fertile seeds at approximately 20 to 30 years of age (Burschel & Huss 1997, Navasaitis 2004.Sycamore maple is well adapted to the current climatic conditions of central Europe, and is expected to expand beyond its current distributional limits (Kölling & Zimmermann 2007, Kölling 2007. This species has become naturalized in many countries, including Spain, Turkey, Ireland, Sweden, North and South America, India, and New Zealand (Binggeli 1992, Rusanen & Myking 2003. In Lithuania, sycamore maple may reach up to 24 m of height and 1 m of stem diameter (Januškevičius et al. 2006), and is mostly found in parks and gardens, with only few forest plantations.The question we pose is whether sycamore maple may be considered an invasive nonnative tree in Lithuania. Williamson & Fitter (1996) estimated that only approximately 10% of naturalized plant species become invasive and produce significant economic and ecological impacts. Historical records indicated sycamore maple was introduced to the Vilnius University Botanical Garden in 1802 (Skridaila 2001), and since then it readily spreads into local forest stands. Informed decisions must be made to control invasive trees in forests, which requires establishing the relative importance of each alien tree.The principal...

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How to kill a tree: empirical mortality models for 18 species and their performance in a dynamic forest model

Hülsmann

Bugmann

Cailleret

et al. 2018

Ecological Applications

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Dynamic Vegetation Models (DVMs) are designed to be suitable for simulating forest succession and species range dynamics under current and future conditions based on mathematical representations of the three key processes regeneration, growth, and mortality. However, mortality formulations in DVMs are typically coarse and often lack an empirical basis, which increases the uncertainty of projections of future forest dynamics and hinders their use for developing adaptation strategies to climate change. Thus, sound tree mortality models are highly needed. We developed parsimonious, species-specific mortality models for 18 European tree species using >90,000 records from inventories in Swiss and German strict forest reserves along a considerable environmental gradient. We comprehensively evaluated model performance and incorporated the new mortality functions in the dynamic forest model ForClim. Tree mortality was successfully predicted by tree size and growth. Only a few species required additional covariates in their final model to consider aspects of stand structure or climate. The relationships between mortality and its predictors reflect the indirect influences of resource availability and tree vitality, which are further shaped by species-specific attributes such as maximum longevity and shade tolerance. Considering that the behavior of the models was biologically meaningful, and that their performance was reasonably high and not impacted by changes in the sampling design, we suggest that the mortality algorithms developed here are suitable for implementation and evaluation in DVMs. In the DVM ForClim, the new mortality functions resulted in simulations of stand basal area and species composition that were generally close to historical observations. However, ForClim performance was poorer than when using the original, coarse mortality formulation. The difficulties of simulating stand structure and species composition, which were most evident for Fagus sylvatica L. and in long-term simulations, resulted from feedbacks between simulated growth and mortality as well as from extrapolation to very small and very large trees. Growth and mortality processes and their species-specific differences should thus be revisited jointly, with a particular focus on small and very large trees in relation to their shade tolerance.

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A review of growth and stand dynamics of Acer pseudoplatanus L. in Europe: implications for silviculture

Cited by 65 publications

References 44 publications

A Review of the Characteristics of Small-Leaved Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) and Their Implications for Silviculture in a Changing Climate

A Review of the Characteristics of Small-Leaved Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) and Their Implications for Silviculture in a Changing Climate

Spread intensity and invasiveness of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) in Lithuanian forests

How to kill a tree: empirical mortality models for 18 species and their performance in a dynamic forest model

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