A review of graphene-oxide/metal–organic framework composites materials: characteristics, preparation and applications

Abstract

Graphene-oxide (GO) is an oxidized derivative of graphene. GO has a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups, including hydroxyl, carboxyl, and epoxy groups. The introduction of these groups makes its physical and chemical properties more complicated. For example, although GO films are impermeable to other liquids and even gases, they exhibit abnormally high permeance of water through the GO film. As a three-dimensional hollow material, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have a very large specific surface area and pore volume, and have a wide range of applications in catalysis, adsorption, and separations. Combining GO with MOFs can alter the distance between the layers of the GO to affect the transport and screening of specific molecules. This gives composites many potential applications in areas such as gas treatment and water treatment. This review summarizes the current status of GO/MOF composites, expanding on the following aspects: (1) We begin by reviewing the current status of research on GO and MOF with a focus on the physical properties. The mechanical strength of single-layer graphene is very weak, and in most solvents, GO spontaneously aggregates and is very difficult to effectively disperse. On the other hand, MOFs have high specific surface area, high crystallinity, and high porosity, but relatively low stability. Their relative instability greatly limited their practical applications. The formation of GO/MOF composites can take advantage of desirable properties of both material types, while improving their physical characteristics.(2) We next review the characteristics, preparation and applications of GO/MOF composites. At present, various GO/MOF composite materials, such as GO/ZIF-8, GO/MOF-5 have been prepared by in-situ synthesis and other methods. They are widely used in gas adsorption and separation, wastewater treatment applications, and molecular sieve applications. (3) We conclude this review by summarizing the opportunities for achieving composites materials with hydrophilic, antifouling, high-throughput, and high-repulsion properties by efficient, controllable, and low-cost methods. As GO/MOF technology improves, we suggest that these versatile materials have additional prospective applications in other areas, including as materials for medical applications.

Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of 1-Hydroxypyrene Based on Composites of PAMAM-Regulated Chromium-Centered Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles and Graphene Oxide

“…This problem can be solved by introducing other materials with good conductivity and electrocatalytic performance such as carbon nanomaterials, , metal nanoparticles, , conducting polymers, , and so forth, which gives them both the advantages of MOFs and good electrical conductivity; additionally, the synergistic effects of MOF composites would further broaden the application in the field of electrochemical sensors. As a representative materials of carbon nanomaterials, graphene oxide (GO) has been widely used in the synthesis of MOF nanocomposites due to its abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, large specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, robust mechanical properties, and other inherent advantageous properties. − The introduction of GO can not only enhance the adsorption capacity of the target by π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and other forces but also effectively improve the conductivity of MOF nanocomposites, which could result in a synergistic effect to improve the electrochemical active area and sensitivity of the electrochemical sensing. , In addition, the addition of GO possessing excellent stability in aqueous solutions could greatly improve the poor stability of MOF nanocomposites and dispersion degree in water so as to significantly enhance electrochemical and electrocatalytic performances. , Because graphene’s rapid electron transport occurs on the surface of edge plane and defects, GO has been reduced to defective reduced GO (RGO) by various methods to improve the electrocatalytic properties of graphene-MOF composites, such as chemically reduced, electrochemically reduced, and so on . Additionally, the morphology and pore size of the nanocomposite were improved by introducing polymer surfactants or chemical modification and hybridization of the MOF in an in situ assembly. , The result is that the electrochemical performance of MOF-based composite materials is enhanced more than that of single-component MOFs due to the combination of the merits of both MOFs and other materials.…”

“…40,41 In addition, the addition of GO possessing excellent stability in aqueous solutions could greatly improve the poor stability of MOF nanocomposites and dispersion degree in water so as to significantly enhance electrochemical and electrocatalytic performances. 42,43 Because graphene's rapid electron transport occurs on the surface of edge plane and defects, GO has been reduced to defective reduced GO (RGO) by various methods to improve the electrocatalytic properties of graphene-MOF composites, such as chemically reduced, electrochemically reduced, and so on. 44 Additionally, the morphology and pore size of the nanocomposite were improved by introducing polymer surfactants or chemical modification and hybridization of the MOF in an in situ assembly.…”

Removal of metals from water using MOF-based composite adsorbents

“…157 Since GO has a dense atomic arrangement, it can significantly enhance the dispersion power of GO/MOF materials, which facilitates small molecule adsorption. 106…”

Metal-Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Decontamination: Discovering Intellectual Structure and Research Trends

“…The performance enchantment of MOFs, in terms of a high adsorption capacity and water stability, was identified as an emerging topic. To cater to these issues, the application of graphene [ 98 ], graphene oxides [ 99 ], nanoparticles [ 100 ], and quantum dots [ 101 ] was also observed on various research fronts.…”