A review of gradient stiffness hydrogels used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

Xia, Tingting; Liu, Wanqian; Yang, Li

doi:10.1002/jbm.a.36034

Cited by 72 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(239 reference statements)

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“…Stiffness and strength are important parameters of biomaterials. The stiffness of the material significantly influences cell growth and differentiation ( Xia, Liu & Yang, 2017 ). The appropriate material stiffness can provide good mechanical support for cells and tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characteristics of gelatin sponges crosslinked by microbial transglutaminase

Long¹,

Xiao

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) was used as a crosslinking agent in the preparation of gelatin sponges. The physical properties of the materials were evaluated by measuring their material porosity, water absorption, and elastic modulus. The stability of the sponges were assessed via hydrolysis and enzymolysis. To study the material degradation in vivo, subcutaneous implantations of sponges were performed on rats for 1–3 months, and the implanted sponges were analyzed. To evaluate the cell compatibility of the mTG crosslinked gelatin sponges (mTG sponges), adipose-derived stromal stem cells were cultured and inoculated into the scaffold. Cell proliferation and viability were measured using alamarBlue assay and LIVE/DEAD fluorescence staining, respectively. Cell adhesion on the sponges was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that mTG sponges have uniform pore size, high porosity and water absorption, and good mechanical properties. In subcutaneous implantation, the material was partially degraded in the first month and completely absorbed in the third month. Cell experiments showed evident cell proliferation and high viability. Results also showed that the cells grew vigorously and adhered tightly to the sponge. In conclusion, mTG sponge has good biocompatibility and can be used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characteristics of gelatin sponges crosslinked by microbial transglutaminase

Long¹,

Xiao

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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“…Methods to create a continuous gradient of stiffness in hydrogels for cell culture have been reviewed recently. 118 These strategies have created lateral stiffness gradients within the range of 1 kPa to 3.1 MPa using a variety of materials. 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 Polyacrylamide gels have a unique advantage because their surface is easily conjugated with ECM proteins so that the ECM density is independent of substrate stiffness.…”

Section: Engineered In Vitro Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioengineered Systems and Designer Matrices That Recapitulate the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche

Wang

Kim

Hinman

et al. 2018

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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The relationship between intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and the surrounding niche environment is complex and dynamic. Key factors localized at the base of the crypt are necessary to promote ISC self-renewal and proliferation, to ultimately provide a constant stream of differentiated cells to maintain the epithelial barrier. These factors diminish as epithelial cells divide, migrate away from the crypt base, differentiate into the postmitotic lineages, and end their life span in approximately 7 days when they are sloughed into the intestinal lumen. To facilitate the rapid and complex physiology of ISC-driven epithelial renewal, in vivo gradients of growth factors, extracellular matrix, bacterial products, gases, and stiffness are formed along the crypt-villus axis. New bioengineered tools and platforms are available to recapitulate various gradients and support the stereotypical cellular responses associated with these gradients. Many of these technologies have been paired with primary small intestinal and colonic epithelial cells to re-create select aspects of normal physiology or disease states. These biomimetic platforms are becoming increasingly sophisticated with the rapid discovery of new niche factors and gradients. These advancements are contributing to the development of high-fidelity tissue constructs for basic science applications, drug screening, and personalized medicine applications. Here, we discuss the direct and indirect evidence for many of the important gradients found in vivo and their successful application to date in bioengineered in vitro models, including organ-on-chip and microfluidic culture devices.

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“…Hydrogels are the most generally used materials that merge water absorbency, retention, and controllable release, which allows them to be engineered in any shape and size. At the macroscopic level, they are extensively employed as biosensors and for drug delivery, while at the microscopic level, there is extensive use of hydrogels in order to study cell-ECM interactions and mechano-transduction [121].…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Stiffness in Cell Reprogramming: A Potential Role for Biomaterials in Inducing Tissue Regeneration

d’Angelo

Benedetti

Tupone

et al. 2019

Cells

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The mechanotransduction is the process by which cells sense mechanical stimuli such as elasticity, viscosity, and nanotopography of extracellular matrix and translate them into biochemical signals. The mechanotransduction regulates several aspects of the cell behavior, including migration, proliferation, and differentiation in a time-dependent manner. Several reports have indicated that cell behavior and fate are not transmitted by a single signal, but rather by an intricate network of many signals operating on different length and timescales that determine cell fate. Since cell biology and biomaterial technology are fundamentals in cell-based regenerative therapies, comprehending the interaction between cells and biomaterials may allow the design of new biomaterials for clinical therapeutic applications in tissue regeneration. In this work, we present the most relevant mechanism by which the biomechanical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) influence cell reprogramming, with particular attention on the new technologies and materials engineering, in which are taken into account not only the biochemical and biophysical signals patterns but also the factor time.

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A review of gradient stiffness hydrogels used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

Cited by 72 publications

References 119 publications

Preparation and characteristics of gelatin sponges crosslinked by microbial transglutaminase

Preparation and characteristics of gelatin sponges crosslinked by microbial transglutaminase

Bioengineered Systems and Designer Matrices That Recapitulate the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche

The Role of Stiffness in Cell Reprogramming: A Potential Role for Biomaterials in Inducing Tissue Regeneration

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