A review of Gongylonema spp. (Nematoda: Gongylonematidae) in North American rodents with description of a new species from the cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus (Mammalia: Cricetidae)

Abstract

Gongylonema archboldi n. sp. (Nematoda: Gongylonematidae) is described from tunnels in the gastric mucosa of the stomach of the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) from Highlands County, Florida, U.S.A. Measurements are also given for specimens from cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus), oldfield mice (Peromyscus polionotus), Florida mice (Podomys floridanus), and golden mice (Ochrotomys nuttalli) from the same locality. Additional specimens were collected from the cotton rat and the rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) from Berry Island, San Patricio County, Texas. The new species is differentiated from congeners by a combination of the following characters: length of the left spicule, length and shape of the gubernaculum, distribution of cuticular bosses, length of esophagus, and distance of the vulva from the posterior end. The status of the genus Gongylonema in North American rodents is reviewed.

Molecular genetic diversity of Gongylonema neoplasticum (Fibiger & Ditlevsen, 1914) (Spirurida: Gongylonematidae) from rodents in Southeast Asia

“…The molecular characterisation of each species should facilitate the phenotypical characterisation which often shows variation. Such efforts may detect substantial specific diversities of rodent Gongylonema spp., as previously communicated by Kinsella et al (2016).…”

“…1), in addition to specimen measurements (Table 2). Natural definitive hosts of the species include not only R. norvegicus and R. rattus, but also Bunomys chrysocomus (Hoffmann) (yellow-haired hill rat), Bandicota savilei Thomas (Savile's bandicoot rat), Maxomys surifer (red spiny rat), Mus caroli (Ryukyu mouse), Mus cervicolor Hodgson (fawn-colored mouse), Mus cookii Ryley (Cook's mouse), Niviventer fulvescens (Gray) (chestnut white-bellied rat), Rattus exulans (Polynesian rat), Rattus losea (Swinhoe) (lesser ricefield rat), Rattus tanezumi (Asian house rat), Rattus tiomanicus (Miller) (Malayan field rat) and Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus) (European rabbit) (Fibiger & Ditlevsen, 1914;Yokogawa, 1925;Kruidenier & Peebles, 1958;Skrjabin et al, 1967;Singh & Cheong, 1971;Yap et al, 1977;Leong et al, 1979;Krishnasamy et al, 1980;Jueco & Zabala, 1990;Hasegawa & Syafruddin, 1995;Eira et al, 2006;Syed-Arnex & Mohd Zain, 2006;Paramasvaran et al, 2009;Dewi, 2011; Chaisiri et al, Kinsella et al (2016) stressed the importance of acquiring molecular data in addition to phenotypical character data from collected parasites to understand the systematics of rodent Gongylonema spp.…”

“…More than a dozen nominal Gongylonema spp. have been described from rodents worldwide based on morphological criteria (Fibiger & Ditlevsen, 1914;Kruidenier & Peebles, 1958;Yamaguti, 1961;Skrjabin et al, 1967;Gupta & Trivedi, 1985;Ashour & Lewis, 1986;Diouf et al, 1997;Kinsella et al, 2016). Some of the described species require the collection and characterisation of more specimens as their characterisation was based on a limited number of worms or they were recovered from a unique body location, different from other species, as indicated by Kinsella et al (2016).…”

Prevalence and molecular diagnosis of Gongylonema pulchrum in cattle and sheep in the Samsun region

“…The length of the eggs in the uterus of females was 0.059 mm (0.057-0.061) and the width was 0.032 mm (0.030-0.036). There was no significant difference between the body measurements in the present study as indicated in the literature (12,23,27) In the present study, the number of parasites for per cattle was 13.5 (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). However, the parasite density in cattle in Japan was rather variable and recorded as 1-109 (20) while in Nepal the density was as low as 1-4 (19).…”

“…Although the prevalence of G. pulchrum in cattle and sheep varies according to country and animal species recent reports (9,15) indicated that the prevalence of the parasite was decreased. For instance, prevalence rate of the G. pulchrum in cattle in Iran was decreased to 16.2% in 2011 15 Although there is no reliable and comparable information about the age and grazing conditions of the studies conducted, the prevalence rate of the parasite in the sheep, similar to cattle, decreases even in sheep fed more pasture. Even though Tüzdil (30), who carried out the first study on G. pulchrum in Turkey, reported a 60% prevalence in sheep and goats, Celep (4) found lower prevalence rate in sheep (14.7%) from Samsun region.…”