A Review of Glass and Crystallizations of Glass-Ceramics

Abstract

The fundamental science behind glass and glass-ceramics in relation to research including syntheses, processing, characterization and applications are critically reviewed in this paper. The crystalline structure of the crystalline phases/s investigated in the literature is also discussed. Throughout this paper, the scene is set toward the overall picture of the rationale behind the choice of a glass system. Additionally, earlier reviews do not include the most recent literature in this fast-moving field. The main methods of synthesizing glasses and glass-ceramics are explained and described in relation to their applications. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research.

Glass-Forming Ability, Chemical Durability, and Structural Properties of Lead Dioxide-Silicate Glass System

“…The band centered at 867 cm −1 , attributed to stretching vibrations of Pb-O bonds in [PbO 6 ] structural units, decreases in intensity with the increase in SiO 2 concentration and shifts towards higher wavenumbers, specifically to 870 cm −1 (Q 1 ). Moreover, for samples PS4-PS9, an observable increase in the intensity of bands within the range of 900-1250 cm −1 (Q [2][3][4] ) can be observed.…”

“…This process involves two primary mechanisms: nucleation and crystal growth, which can occur through either surface or volume crystallization. These mechanisms are heavily influenced by the viscosity of the molten glass, which is dictated by the initial composition of the glass [4]. Crystallization and nucleation processes depend not only on the viscosity of the supercooled liquid, but also on the intermolecular interaction and thermodynamic driving force [5].…”

Using of wastes from the enrichment of quartz-feldspar raw materials in the production of porcelain stoneware

“…The presence of a glass phase makes it possible to form a homogeneous strengthened crystalline structure with submicron grain size [24,25]. The formation of small needlelike crystals of mullite with a size of 1.5-3.5 μm contributes to the production of dispersionstrengthened materials [26,27]. The study of the melting of ceramic masses made it possible to establish that the proposed ceramic mass (Fig.…”

Incorporation of as-Prepared Eu3+-doped Lanthanum Niobate Nanoparticles in Tellurite Glasses

“…Although the classic heat-treatment methodology through nucleation and growth steps is well established for the obtaining of nanocrystals (NC) in glassy phases (i.e., a glass-ceramic), the precise choice of NC composition, control of the size distribution and suitable rare earth RE 3+ doping of these NC cannot always be ensured. In fact, these NC properties are strongly related with the pristine glass composition, thermal history and specific nucleation and growth temperatures and durations in a way that a desired crystalline phase with specific NC size distribution is limited by the own glass composition as well as thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the crystallization process [1][2][3][4][5] . Based on these considerations, an alternative way besides the classical heat-treatment of the pristine glass for the manufacture of glass containing rare-earth doped NC of a desired composition is based on the incorporation of previously prepared NC with suitable properties in the glass matrix.…”