A review of Glacial and Holocene paleoclimate records from southernmost Patagonia (49–55°S)

Kilian, Rolf; Lamy, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.07.017

Cited by 192 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…This was followed by an abrupt onset of warm/ dry conditions and intense fire activity at the onset of CC1 (AD 1890, ±2s: 1933-1818) contemporaneous with a rising trend in tree-ring-based temperature reconstructions from northern and southern Patagonia 22 , and predate a rapid increase in tree-ringreconstructed SAM at AD 1950. The tree-ring reconstruction and time-series analysis of weather station data published by Villalba et al 14 , along with our stratigraphic record from LC and regional climate analysis, indicate that carefully selected sites from sensitive sectors throughout Patagonia are capable of monitoring hemispheric-wide modes of variability such as SAM, despite the complex relief and climatic heterogeneity stressed in a recent study 23 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Southern Annular Mode-like changes in southwestern Patagonia at centennial timescales over the last three millennia

et al. 2014

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Late twentieth-century instrumental records reveal a persistent southward shift of the Southern Westerly Winds during austral summer and autumn associated with a positive trend of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and contemporaneous with glacial recession, steady increases in atmospheric temperatures and CO 2 concentrations at a global scale. However, despite the clear importance of the SAM in the modern/future climate, very little is known regarding its behaviour during pre-Industrial times. Here we present a stratigraphic record from Lago Cipreses (51°S), southwestern Patagonia, that reveals recurrent B200-year long dry/warm phases over the last three millennia, which we interpret as positive SAM-like states. These correspond in timing with the Industrial revolution, the Mediaeval Climate Anomaly, the Roman and Late Bronze Age Warm Periods and alternate with cold/wet multicentennial phases in European palaeoclimate records. We conclude that SAM-like changes at centennial timescales in southwestern Patagonia represent in-phase interhemispheric coupling of palaeoclimate over the last 3,000 years through atmospheric teleconnections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Southern Annular Mode-like changes in southwestern Patagonia at centennial timescales over the last three millennia

et al. 2014

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“…Also shown are the present day icefields (numbered) and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) limit according to Caldenius (1932); adapted from Singer et al (2004a). oceanic circulation systems, such as the Southern Westerly Winds and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Patagonia has received increasing attention in recent decades because it may yield insight into the mechanisms of climatic change in the southern hemisphere (Ackert et al, 2008;Boex et al, 2013;Kaplan et al, 2008;Moreno et al, 2009;Murray et al, 2012;Strelin Denton, Vandergoes, Ninnemann, & Putnam, 2011) and help in understanding interhemispheric glacial (a)synchrony (García et al, 2012;Moreno, Jacobson, Lowell, & Denton, 2001;Sugden et al, 2005). Combined with the numerous palaeoenvironmental records that now exist across Patagonia, the timing and pattern of glacial changes may be used to infer changes in past climate (Kilian & Lamy, 2012;Moreno, Villa-Martínez, Cárdenas, & Sagredo, 2012;Sugden et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A glacial geomorphological map of the southernmost ice lobes of Patagonia: the Bahía Inútil – San Sebastián, Magellan, Otway, Skyring and Río Gallegos lobes

et al. 2014

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This paper presents a glacial geomorphological map of the landforms created by five large ice lobes that extended eastwards from the southernmost reaches of the Patagonian Ice Sheet during the Quaternary period. The study is focussed on Tierra del Fuego, but also updates previous mapping of the Skyring and Otway lobes, and the resulting level of detail and extent is a significant advance on previous work in the region. The map has been created as the necessary precursor for an improved understanding of the glacial history of the region, and to underpin a programme of dating glacial limits in the region. It was produced using Landsat ETM+ and ASTER satellite imagery and vertical aerial photography, supplemented by Google Earth TM imagery and field-checking. Eleven landform types were mapped: moraine ridges, subdued moraine topography, kettle-kame topography, glacial lineations, irregular and regular hummocky terrain, irregular dissected ridges, eskers, meltwater channels, former shorelines and outwash plains. The map reveals three important characteristics of the glacial geomorphology. First, the geomorphic systems are largely dominated by landforms associated with meltwater (channels, outwash plains and kettle-kame topography). Second, there is a difference in the nature of landforms associated with the northern three ice lobes, where limits are generally marked by numerous clear moraine ridges, compared to those to the south, where hummocky terrain and drift limits prevail. Finally, cross-cutting landforms offer evidence of multiple advances, in places, which has implications for the timing of limit deposition, and thus for the design and interpretation of a dating programme.

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“…An alternative hypothesis of SHW changes was brought forward by Lamy et al (2010) for Holocene records of South America but the mechanism may also apply to the Last Termination (Kilian and Lamy, 2012). It was proposed, due to opposing precipitation records from the core and the northern boundary of the SHW, that the SHW belt did not shift latitudinally as a whole but rather that the wind belt expanded during colder periods (as observed during Austral winter today) and became more confined during warmer conditions (Austral summer).…”

Section: The Kerguelen Islands Data Set In a Larger Shw Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Last Termination in the South Indian Ocean: A unique terrestrial record from Kerguelen Islands (49°S) situated within the Southern Hemisphere westerly belt

Putten

Verbruggen

Björck

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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International audienceThe awareness of the significance of the Southern Ocean in the Earth's climate system has become increasingly obvious. The deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise during warming periods in Antarctica has been attributed to CO2 ventilation from the deep ocean caused by enhanced upwelling around the Antarctic Divergence. It has been hypothesized that, more intense Southern Hemisphere westerly winds aligned with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current due to a southward shift of the wind belt from its Last Glacial Maximum equator-ward position, are the main drivers. Reconstructions of past changes in atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere are still scarce and the overall picture is patchy with sometimes contradictory results. For obvious reasons, most terrestrial records originate from southern South America and New Zealand. Here we present a terrestrial record from the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, from Kerguelen Islands located at 49°S. A peat record is investigated using a multi-proxy approach (pollen and plant macrofossils, magnetic susceptibility, XRF analyses, biogenic silica content, Rock-Eval6 analysis and humification degree). Peat accumulation starts at about 16,000 cal yr BP with relatively warm and dry conditions. The most prominent change in our proxy data occurs at 13,600 cal yr BP, when peat ponds were established on the peat surface, resulting in lacustrine-type deposits, as a result of very high humidity, and with proxies implying very windy conditions. Within chronological uncertainties, this onset coincides with the onset of the so-called Oceanic Cold Reversal, based on the deuterium excess data in the EPICA Dome C ice core record. Kerguelen Islands are located in the moisture source area of Dome C and a change in atmospheric circulation at that time could explain both records. Around 12,900 cal yr BP, at the end of the Antarctic Cold Reversal, pond/lake sediments give way to more peaty deposits, with proxies suggesting slightly drier, less windy and probably warmer conditions. Kerguelen Islands became less influenced by the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds and these conditions were amplified during the early Holocene climate optimum as found in Antarctic ice core records

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A review of Glacial and Holocene paleoclimate records from southernmost Patagonia (49–55°S)

Cited by 192 publications

References 182 publications

Southern Annular Mode-like changes in southwestern Patagonia at centennial timescales over the last three millennia

Southern Annular Mode-like changes in southwestern Patagonia at centennial timescales over the last three millennia

A glacial geomorphological map of the southernmost ice lobes of Patagonia: the Bahía Inútil – San Sebastián, Magellan, Otway, Skyring and Río Gallegos lobes

The Last Termination in the South Indian Ocean: A unique terrestrial record from Kerguelen Islands (49°S) situated within the Southern Hemisphere westerly belt

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