A Review of Genetic Polymorphisms and Prostate Cancer Risk

Coughlin, Steven S.; Hall, Ingrid J.

doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(01)00310-6

Cited by 99 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Some of these prognostic markers also may be useful for disease diagnosis. [107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114] Although several series have failed to demonstrate any independent contribution of family history to the overall prognosis from prostate carcinoma, [115][116][117] it is well recognized that individuals with a family history of prostate carcinoma are at a higher risk for developing the disease than the general population. 107,118,119 The challenge for clinical research is the incorporation of appropriate risk markers into the most reliable and cost-effective models of disease outcome.…”

Section: Merging Prognosis and Diagnosis: Through A Glass Darklymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate‐specific antigen: A review of the validation of the most commonly used cancer biomarker

Hernández

Thompson

2004

Cancer

277

173

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Objective To review the literature and collect expert advice for proposing preventive and curative treatments of mouth and dental involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma). Methods The literature pertaining to mouth and/or dental involvement related to SSc was reviewed, and recommendations were developed according to the suggestions of a French multidisciplinary working group of experts and validated by a lecture committee. Results Dentists face 3 main issues in caring for SSc patients: oral mucosa involvement, manducatory apparatus and mouth involvement responsible for limitations in mouth opening, and treatment‐related adverse events. An increased risk of tongue carcinoma has been noted. In patients with severe limitation in mouth opening (<30 mm), recommended treatments are a specific mouth‐opening rehabilitation program, flexible sectional dentures, and splint therapy. Indications for dental implants depend on the severity of SSc, comorbidities, and/or ongoing bisphosphonate treatment. Prevention of mouth infections and caries implies patient education and teaching about mouth and dental hygiene, periodontal maintenance, and treatment of sicca syndrome. Cessation of tobacco use is mandatory. Patient‐tailored rehabilitation may improve limitations in mouth opening. Systematic dental panoramic radiography allows for the early detection of dental caries. Conclusion Prevention of oral and dental complications is a major issue in patients with SSc. Dental treatment should be tailored to limitations in mouth opening, disease severity, and ongoing treatments.

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Section: Merging Prognosis and Diagnosis: Through A Glass Darklymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate‐specific antigen: A review of the validation of the most commonly used cancer biomarker

Hernández

Thompson

2004

Cancer

277

173

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“…Prostate cancer risk varies most prominently with age, ethnicity, family history, and diet [1]. A strong family history indicative of a highly penetrant prostate cancer gene is believed to account for only 5-10% of cases, but a larger percentage of prostate cancers may be due to common polymorphisms in genes giving rise to a low penetrance risk of disease [2][3][4]. The effect of polymorphisms in metabolic or DNA repair pathways on disease risk may be dependent upon the exposures that are part of these pathways [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate cancer risk from occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons interacting with the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism

Rybicki

Neslund‐Dudas

Nock

et al. 2006

Cancer Detection and Prevention

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Condensed Abstract-Men who carry the GSTP1 Val 105 variant who are exposed at high levels to occupational PAH are at increased risk for prostate cancer. This increased risk is more pronounced in men under age 60 or with a family history of prostate cancer.Background-Variation in the glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) gene and occupational polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) exposure are putative prostate cancer risk factors. An Ile/ Val polymorphism in codon 105 of GSTP1 affects its enzymatic activity toward PAH detoxification, a possible mechanism in prostate carcinogenesis.

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“…For example, cellular changes may be more predictive when found in subjects with a family history of disease. Furthermore, for individuals with a significant genetic polymorphism, the measurement of relevant mutagens in ductal fluid may be a powerful predictor of breast cancer risk [Coughlin and Piper, 1999]. The limits of animal models have been the determination of mutagens that are important to species-specific metabolic pathways and less relevant to human disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such individuals, limited exposures may have exaggerated effects on the risk for breast cancer. The interaction of genotype and environmental exposures may be important for a large portion of "sporadic" breast cancers [Coughlin and Piper, 1999]. Genetic polymorphisms that render individuals more sensitive to specific environmental mutagens are more common than the highly penetrant breast cancer susceptibility genes, such as BRCA1/2 .…”

Section: Gene-environment Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lavage and nipple aspiration of breast ductal fluids: A source of biomarkers for environmental mutagenesis

Klein¹,

Lawrence

2002

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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The acquisition of breast ductal fluid by nipple aspiration and ductal lavage are simple noninvasive procedures to sample breast tissue. Nipple aspiration fluid (NAF) obtained with gentle suction and a simple syringe‐adapted apparatus may evaluate the secretory components that bathe the ductal epithelial cells. Evaluations have included the quantification of soluble markers (carcinoembryonic antigen and prostatic‐specific antigen), DNA amplification, protein gel electrophoresis, and mutagenesis assays. It has been suggested that environmental mutagens in the breast ductal system may contribute to carcinogenesis. The feasibility of mutagenesis assays on NAF has been limited by the small size of the samples obtained. Three small clinical studies detected mutagens in 6–14% of the samples using the Salmonella Ames assay. Ductal lavage collects more of a cellular aspirate from the ductal system utilizing a microcatheter. Early studies on ductal lavage fluid have included cytology and methylation‐specific PCR. Ductal lavage in a high‐risk group has identified cellular atypia in 21% of those sampled. Samples obtained through the nipple, by aspiration or lavage, are the proteinaceous secretions from the ductal system and ductal epithelial cells. The fluid represents the cellular events and the dynamic secretory process of the breast and may include potential initiators of the carcinogenesis process in the cellular microenvironment. Fluid obtained by ductal lavage may allow for more detailed studies of the role of mutagens in breast cancer. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:127–133, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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A Review of Genetic Polymorphisms and Prostate Cancer Risk

Cited by 99 publications

References 53 publications

Prostate‐specific antigen: A review of the validation of the most commonly used cancer biomarker

Prostate‐specific antigen: A review of the validation of the most commonly used cancer biomarker

Prostate cancer risk from occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons interacting with the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism

Lavage and nipple aspiration of breast ductal fluids: A source of biomarkers for environmental mutagenesis

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