A review of genetic engineering biotechnologies for enhanced chronic wound healing

Abstract

Traditional methods for addressing chronic wounds focus on correcting dysfunction by controlling extracellular elements. This review highlights technologies that take a different approach -enhancing chronic wound healing by genetic modification to wound beds. Featured cutaneous transduction/transfection methods include viral modalities (ie adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, retroviruses and lentiviruses) and conventional non-viral modalities (ie naked DNA injections, microseeding, liposomal reagents, particle bombardment and electroporation). Also explored are emerging technologies, focusing on the exciting capabilities of wound diagnostics such as pyrosequencing as well as site-specific nuclease editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas9 used to both transiently and permanently genetically modify resident wound bed cells.Additionally, new non-viral transfection methods (ie conjugated nanoparticles, multielectrode arrays, and microfabricated needles and nanowires) are discussed that can potentially facilitate more efficient and safe transgene delivery to skin but also represent significant advances broadly to tissue regeneration research. K E Y W O R D Schronic wound healing, CRISPR-Cas9, pyrosequencing, transfection nanotechnology, viral transduction 1

[Retracted] Identification of the Potential Biomarkers Involved in the Human Oral Mucosal Wound Healing: A Bioinformatic Study

“…Oral mucosal regeneration is an area of increasing research focus and includes the application of regenerative modalities such as 3D cell sheets consisting of oral mucosal cells (keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells) [2,3]. Genetic modification of such cell-based constructs may potentially further accelerate their healing capacity [4,5] and provide a novel strategy to promote wound healing in oral mucosa injury. Therefore, investigating the genetic mechanisms involved in the wound healing process of oral mucosa injury could be of significant translational value.…”

TGF-β1 Pretreatment Improves the Function of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Wound Bed

“…Conventional treatment of the chronic wounds includes surgical debridement, biological dressing, pressure offloading, and topical growth factors. However, these methods provide very limited results in most cases (up to 50%) and new therapies are required to overcome the current challenges of chronic wound management (Greer et al, 2013; Dreifke et al, 2015; Rowan et al, 2015; Sessions et al, 2017). Recent studies have indicated that cell based therapies can provide a suitable alternative treatment method for multiple pathological conditions including, wound healing (Chen et al, 2012; Rodriguez-Menocal et al, 2015; Duscher et al, 2016).…”

Gene therapy in wound healing using nanotechnology

“…Scientists can induce permanent (gene insertions/deletion) or transient (transcriptional activation or inhibition) expression of growth factors/cytokines such as PDGF, VEGF, and hepatocyte growth factor 24 . There are many advantages of using CRISPR/Cas9 in chronic wound healing: relatively easier to build; capable to use gene library existed in the host genome instead of relying on inserting exogenous DNA; targeting multiple genes at the same time making it time‐saving and economically‐feasible 33 . While promising, further exploration is still needed to observe and establish its value in the field of wound healing.…”