A Review of Fundamental Combustion Phenomena in Wire Fires

Huang, Xinyan; Nakamura, Yuji

doi:10.1007/s10694-019-00918-5

Cited by 83 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…The large number of cables present in buildings strongly increases their fire load and facilitates the spread of flames over a long distance (both horizontal and vertical) in the case of fire. Cables can be relatively easily self-ignited internally by a short circuit in the installation or ignited from an external burning source [1][2][3]. Based on the end-use application, cables can be divided into groups, as follows: Power, telecommunication, electromagnetic, control, network, and optical cables [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Constructional-Material Parameters on the Fire Properties of Electric Cables

Kaczorek-Chrobak

Fangrat

2019

Energies

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The significant number of cables of different materials and construction used extensively in building objects increases their fire load and, therefore, strongly influences safety in the case of fire. The purpose of the study was to identify relevant factors related to the construction of electrical cables, and perform a qualitative and quantitative assessment of their influence on specific fire properties, such as heat release and smoke production. Fifteen cables of different construction and materials were studied using the EN 50399 standard test. The analysis was focused on cable constructional-material parameters related to the chemical composition of non-metallic elements and the number and shape of conductors in the cable, as well as the concentric barrier as armor or the copper concentric conductor. The conclusions drawn from the experiments were: (1) Construction, the number of conductors, and the presence of armor or concentric metallic conductors improve the fire properties by forming a barrier against flame penetration through the cable; (2) the use of copper conductors resulted in a decrease of fire parameters compared to cables with aluminum conductors (peakHRRav parameter even four times lower for copper cable); (3) construction material based on non-plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) significantly reduced the fire properties of cables more than halogen-free materials (LS0H) (peakHRRav parameter more than 17 times higher for the fully halogenated cable), which is due to the decomposition process of the material; and (4) no clear relationship between the fire parameters and the cable parameter, χ, was found.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Constructional-Material Parameters on the Fire Properties of Electric Cables

Kaczorek-Chrobak

Fangrat

2019

Energies

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“…Thus, microgravity also provides an ideal environment for fundamental combustion research [4]. Unique phenomena for flame spread in microgravity over thin paper [9], thick plastic plates [7,10,18], cylindrical rods [8,17], spherical fuels [5] and electrical wires of different thicknesses [11,12,14,20] are observed, and the influence of airflow speed, direction, and oxygen concentration on flame stability are investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The ample literature on wire fires in microgravity and beyond are also reviewed [20]. The role of radiation heat transfer becomes more important for the near-limit flame phenomena in microgravity, where flame radiation and surface reradiation dominate the heat loss from the fuel.…”

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confidence: 99%

Introduction to Special Issue on Spacecraft Fire Safety

2020

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“…3,4 Once the insulation coating of the metal wire is ignited, the subsequent fast flame propagation along the wire may ignite nearby combustibles, and increase the fire range, which could increase the fire hazard (generating heat, smoke, and toxic gases). 5 In recent years, the behavior of flame spread for wire fires in normal and abnormal atmospheres has received a large amount of attention. [5][6][7][8] Fujita et al investigated the ignition of wire insulation and the flame propagation along electrical wires under varying internal and external conditions (such as insulation, core material, wire initial temperature, core diameter, 9 insulation thickness, external flow speeds, 10 oxygen concentration, 11 opposed-wind, 12 dilution gas, 9,11 and AC electrical fields 13,14 ) under normal gravity and microgravity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 In recent years, the behavior of flame spread for wire fires in normal and abnormal atmospheres has received a large amount of attention. [5][6][7][8] Fujita et al investigated the ignition of wire insulation and the flame propagation along electrical wires under varying internal and external conditions (such as insulation, core material, wire initial temperature, core diameter, 9 insulation thickness, external flow speeds, 10 oxygen concentration, 11 opposed-wind, 12 dilution gas, 9,11 and AC electrical fields 13,14 ) under normal gravity and microgravity. Kikuchi et al 11 reported that the flame spread rate for ethylenetetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)-insulated wires (core diameters 0.32-0.51 mm, insulation thickness 0.15 mm) decreases with the wire core diameter.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental study of flame spread over PE‐insulated single copper core wire under varying pressure and electric current

et al. 2020

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Summary In this study, the flame spread over a thin wire with overload current (0‐16 A) has been experimentally investigated at both normal pressure (Hefei: altitude 50 m, 100 kPa) and reduced pressure (Lijiang: altitude 2400 m, 76 kPa; Lhasa: altitude 3650 m, 64 kPa). Polyethylene‐insulated single‐core wires, comprising Cu as the inner core of diameter 0.30, 0.50, and 0.80 mm and insulation thickness 0.15 and 0.30 mm, are used as samples. The experimental results clearly indicate that the height of the flame increases with the electric current and ambient pressure, but the flame width changes only slightly. At identical conditions, the finer the wire, the faster the flame spreads. The flame spread rate increases with the electric current and ambient pressure. A simplified thermal balance analysis concerning the load current is developed to calculate the flame spread rate, and the calculated flame spread rates are shown to be fairly consistent with the experimental values at different electric currents for different wires at both ambient pressures. In addition, the coupled effect of electric current and ambient pressure on the flame spread is discussed. These results may be meaningful for promoting the research process of wire fire safety.

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A Review of Fundamental Combustion Phenomena in Wire Fires

Cited by 83 publications

References 103 publications

Influence of Constructional-Material Parameters on the Fire Properties of Electric Cables

Influence of Constructional-Material Parameters on the Fire Properties of Electric Cables

Introduction to Special Issue on Spacecraft Fire Safety

Experimental study of flame spread over PE‐insulated single copper core wire under varying pressure and electric current

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