A Review of Fluoride Removal from Groundwater

Karunanithi, Margandan; Agarwal, Rachna; Qanungo, Kushal

doi:10.3311/ppch.12076

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Cement has calcium oxide and fluoride reacted with calcium to give calcium fluoride minerals. Similar studies are reported by earlier researchers where the potential of minerals such as CaO, CaCl 2 and MgO to reduce fluoride is reported [27,28]. The samples on seventh day and 5 h showed the presence of calcium silicate hydrate and form of calcium hydroxide with similar 2θ values of 32.6 and 34.5, respectively.…”

Section: Mineralogical Characterization Of the Cement Samples In Colusupporting

confidence: 88%

A novel cement-based technology for the treatment of fluoride ions

et al. 2020

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Previous studies have confirmed the effective removal of fluoride by cured cement paste powder from wastewaters originating from semiconductor and fertilizer industries. However, the mineralogical changes taking place in cement paste during fluoride removal were not reported. There is need to understand the significance of cement hydration products and performance of different types of cements in fluoride removal. The present study shows the fluoride removal efficiency using different types of cement, such as cement containing calcium sulfate dihydrate, cement containing calcium sulfate anhydrate, clinker and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). OPC gave the best result with 61.1% of fluoride removal efficiency within 5 h of reaction time, and reduction the followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Further, the column studies were carried out using granules of OPC run under two different conditions, by passing the solution containing only fluoride ions and another condition in which the mixture of fluoride and nitrate was passed to see the reduction efficiencies of OPC granules. The results showed a 91% reduction in fluoride ions on fourth day of cement hydration in former condition; however, the reduction was less when mixture was passed. Further, to understand the mineralogical and morphological changes in cement during anionic removal reactions, analytical tools such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used.

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Section: Mineralogical Characterization Of the Cement Samples In Colusupporting

confidence: 88%

A novel cement-based technology for the treatment of fluoride ions

et al. 2020

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“…The ability of bone to defluoridate water was reported by Smith and Smith in 1937. 52 Different defluoridation techniques and the materials employed [37][38][39][40][41] impressive efficiency. [53][54][55] Bone char consists largely of hydroxyapatite and a significant amount of calcium carbonate while carbon accounts only for 10% (w/w).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Defluoridationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defluoridation of water through the application of carbonised bone as a green adsorbent: A review

Moloi,

Okonkwo,

Jansen

2024

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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Flouride contamination of water is recognised as a serious challenge facing humanity. Consumption of water that contains excessive amounts of fluoride can result in fluorosis. Consequently, concerted efforts have been made to develop cheap, effective and green techniques/materials to remove fluoride from water, particularly potable water. Bone char prepared from bovine, swine, and equine bones has been used extensively in this regard, and is the most promising, cheap and green material for treating drinking water with high fluoride concentration, particularly in developing countries. However, research on bone char prepared from bones of animals in the wild, as well as those from domestic and semi-wild animals treated with antibiotics to enhance growth, has been scanty. Such research is important as the use of antibiotics may alter the composition of bones, and thus their potential as a green adsorbent to remove fluoride may be impaired. Furthermore, little attempt has been made so far to package char bones for easy application domestically, particularly in rural communities.

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“…Groundwater containing high fluoride, which is a a worldwide phenomenon [2], will cause health problems [3]. Electrocoagulation is a suitable technique for defluoridization in rural area [3,4]. Zhou [5] analysed the water supply conditions in China and found that rural populations are vulnerable to water-related diseases due to lack of funds and monitor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on sustainable defluoridization approaches for rural drinking water treatment in northern China

Chen

Xu²,

Zehan

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Groundwater for potable uses containing high fluoride is a worldwide threat to human health. Electrocoagulation is a sustainable approach for decentralized treatment. This study aims to analyse the economic and environmental impacts of electrocoagulation applied at different scale in rural area of northern China by life cycle cost (LCC) and life cycle assessment (LCA) methods. Decentralized treatment for defluoridization in rural Fangshan District, Beijing, where the groundwater quality is typical in northern China, is surveyed as a case study. Three scenarios were evaluated. In scenario 1 (S1) all domestic water is electrocoagulated at community scale without dual water supply system. In scenario 2 (S2) only water for potable uses is electrocoagulated at community scale and raw water and treated water are distributed via dual water pipeline systems. In scenario 3 (S3) water for potable uses is electrocoagulated at household scale. Life cycle assessment is performed with openLCA software and Ecoinvent database. S1 has the highest impacts for eutrophication and global warming. S2 has the lowest impact for toxicity but highest impact for ozone layer depletion. S3 has the lowest impact for global warming and acidification but highest impact for human toxicity. S2 is the costliest while S3 is the most economical. In this case, life cycle cost and global warming impact are the most restricted factors so electrocoagulation at household scale is recommended.

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A Review of Fluoride Removal from Groundwater

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

A novel cement-based technology for the treatment of fluoride ions

A novel cement-based technology for the treatment of fluoride ions

Defluoridation of water through the application of carbonised bone as a green adsorbent: A review

Study on sustainable defluoridization approaches for rural drinking water treatment in northern China

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