A review of flood impact assessment approaches for underground infrastructures in urban areas: a focus on transport systems

Forero-Ortiz, Edwar; Martínez‐Gomariz, Eduardo; Porcuna, Manuel Cañas

doi:10.1080/02626667.2020.1784424

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Resiliency involves three stages in the following order: recovery, adaptation, and transition. With respect to temporal scales, resilient approaches for time FIGURE 1 | Flood damage classification for an operational network (Zhang and Alipour, 2019;Forero-Ortiz et al, 2020).…”

Section: Terms Related To Flood Impacts and Risk Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood Impact Assessments on Transportation Networks: A Review of Methods and Associated Temporal and Spatial Scales

Rebally

Valeo

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Cities

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A region's transportation sector is vital to its economic and social health. Transportation systems are also influenced by climate change directly and indirectly and on a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Under a changing climate, many regions around the globe and especially in urban areas, have experienced increases in flood intensity and frequency in recent decades. Flooding can strain transportation networks in both the short- and long-term through transportation delays, infrastructure damage, and recovery, and potentially affect economies. The present article is a review of how flooding impacts transportation networks in both short- and long-term timescales and their subsequent impact on resiliency of the network. Firstly, flood effects are classified based on the connections between the type of flooding and the type of impact (either direct or indirect) on the transportation system. An analysis of the assessment methods and the transport models used to formulate flood effects on the transportation system is provided, as well as the drawbacks from the context of timescales, and recommendations for future research. The analysis indicates that the majority of the articles assess the direct and tangible impacts with focus on the resilience of the transportation network in short- and medium-term temporal scales and at smaller spatial scales. There is less emphasis on indirect, intangible flood impacts, and long-term temporal scales.

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Section: Terms Related To Flood Impacts and Risk Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood Impact Assessments on Transportation Networks: A Review of Methods and Associated Temporal and Spatial Scales

Rebally

Valeo

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Cities

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to have quantified the flooding risk to underground Metro stations for water intrusion hazard due to rainfall events, obtaining water depths estimation for projected extreme rainfall events. The approach used in this study differs substantially from other approaches studied previously [5]. In particular, although it uses geographic information systems (GIS) as the basis for collecting and organizing information from the Barcelona Metro system, the use of GIS is a secondary component which does not form part of the analysis in this study, contrasting other studies in the field [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study identifies these water entry accesses according to different rainfall conditions. It suggests some non-structural and structural measures [5], combining both as a successful strategy facing the increased risk of flooding, according to Barcelona Metro system-specific factors.…”

Section: Flood Risk Assessment Under the Impact Of Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metro systems, as one strategic transport service on urban areas, represent one key variable for assessing resilience in the context of physical infrastructure used by citizens. Decreasing the risks that may affect the continuity of the Metro service, therefore, will increase resilience at the municipal level [5]. Although there are a variety of words for underground transport railway systems (e.g., subway, underground, or tube), this paper will use the term "Metro systems" when referring to them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering hazards that Metro systems face worldwide, there is a notable lack of research on water-related hazards [5], including those related to flooding events and their impact on Metro systems' resilience [9]. In a context of climate change, flooding events can produce increasing significant socioeconomic risks in urban areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flood Risk Assessment in an Underground Railway System under the Impact of Climate Change—A Case Study of the Barcelona Metro

et al. 2020

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Flooding events can produce significant disturbances in underground transport systems within urban areas and lead to economic and technical consequences, which can be worsened by variations in the occurrence of climate extremes. Within the framework of the European project RESCCUE (RESilience to cope with Climate Change in Urban arEas—a multi-sectorial approach focusing on water), climate projections for the city of Barcelona manifest meaningful increases in maximum rainfall intensities for the 2100 horizon. A better comprehension of these impacts and their conditions is consequently needed. A hydrodynamic modelling process was carried out on Barcelona Metro Line 3, as it was identified as vulnerable to pluvial flooding events. The Metro line and all its components are simulated in the urban drainage models as a system of computational link and nodes reproducing the main physical characteristics like slopes and cross-sections when embedded in the current 1D/2D hydrodynamic model of Barcelona used in the project RESCCUE. This study presents a risk analysis focused on ensuring transport service continuity in flood events. The results reveal that two of the 26 stations on Metro Line 3 are exposed to a high risk of flooding in current rainfall conditions, and 11 of the 26 stations on Metro Line 3 are exposed to a high risk of flooding in future rainfall conditions for a 20-year return period event, which affects Metro service in terms of increased risk. This research gives insights for stakeholders and policymakers to enhance urban flood risk management, as a reasonable approach to tackle this issue for Metro systems worldwide. This study provides a baseline for assessing potential flood outcomes in Metro systems and can be used to evaluate adaptation measures’ effectiveness.

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Testing of a GPR equipment to assess the integrity condition of a subway tunnel located under groundwater level

Lombardi

Lualdi

2023

Near Surface Geophysics

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Determining the condition of underground concrete tunnels is fundamental for ensuring continuity and safety of operations, as well as for deploying efficient maintenance plans. The increased traffic volumes in early infrastructures, which are characterized by outdated construction techniques and potential approximated realization, as well as rising groundwater levels due to variations in urban industrialization patterns, are among the main causes of current concerns regarding their performance. Such uncertainties and constraints push towards the use of non‐destructive techniques, rather than direct methods, to gather the required knowledge on the actual status of structures. This study presents the results of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) investigation carried out in a subway tunnel segment to characterize the thickness of its underlying concrete elements, namely the tunnel invert and the concrete filling, deemed necessary after relevant flooding events prompted the evaluation of its overall integrity condition. A preliminary step was performed to define the optimal frequency and polarimetric antenna configuration, given the resolution and penetration requirements and considering the high electromagnetic interference characterizing the site. The selected configuration was then assembled in a dedicated survey platform, and an entire 650 m long segment surveyed, producing a high resolution delineation of the concrete elements thickness. The accuracy of the estimation has been validated through nine core samples, demonstrating the reliability and consistency of the conceptualized GPR platform.

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A review of flood impact assessment approaches for underground infrastructures in urban areas: a focus on transport systems

Cited by 27 publications

References 52 publications

Flood Impact Assessments on Transportation Networks: A Review of Methods and Associated Temporal and Spatial Scales

Flood Impact Assessments on Transportation Networks: A Review of Methods and Associated Temporal and Spatial Scales

Flood Risk Assessment in an Underground Railway System under the Impact of Climate Change—A Case Study of the Barcelona Metro

Testing of a GPR equipment to assess the integrity condition of a subway tunnel located under groundwater level

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