A review of flight simulation techniques

Practises to identify and prevent adverse aircraft-and-rotorcraft-pilot couplings—A ground simulator perspective

“…This is because ground-based simulation involves many other component parts, including the visual, motion and control loading systems, the control inceptors, pilot displays, and audio and vibration environments, all of which contribute to the pilot's feeling of 'immersion' in the simulation [6]. The capabilities of simulator visual and motion systems, in particular, are still limited when compared to reality.…”

“…Schematic of simulator environment in relation to human perception environment [adapted from 36,37] 6. The horizon visual cue relates to the helicopter's orientation in pitch and roll as provided by the horizon.…”

Non-linear simulation of controller for longitudinal control augmentation system of F-16 using numerical approach

“…(3)-(5) are the complete set of the equations of motion used for modelling the uncontrolled F-16 fighter aircraft [6].…”

Practices to identify and preclude adverse Aircraft-and-Rotorcraft-Pilot Couplings – A design perspective

“…In the aircraft the pilot perceives forces associated with the aircraft such as engine vibration, and actuation of control systems, through both perception and proprioception. 6 Kinaesthesia is the awareness of the orientation and the rates of movement of different parts of the body arising from stimulation of receptors in the joints, muscles, and tendons Note that, in Figure 6, the human pilot is fundamental to the control loop, and understanding the pilot-vehicle system is important for demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the ground-based simulators in detecting A/RPC proneness. For example, [38] describes how helicopter pilots perform a hover: On the one side there are important visual cues such as horizon and optical flow 7 ; on the other side there is also a pilot 'seat of the pants' feeling involving a combination of vestibular, tactile and neuromuscular cues in order to make his own perception and judgement.…”