2017
DOI: 10.3390/v9060154
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A Review of Flaviviruses that Have No Known Arthropod Vector

Abstract: Most viruses in the genus Flavivirus are horizontally transmitted between hematophagous arthropods and vertebrate hosts, but some are maintained in arthropod- or vertebrate-restricted transmission cycles. Flaviviruses maintained by vertebrate-only transmission are commonly referred to as no known vector (NKV) flaviviruses. Fourteen species and two subtypes of NKV flaviviruses are recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), and Tamana bat virus potentially belongs to this group. NKV… Show more

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Cited by 68 publications
(63 citation statements)
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“…Examination of topologies of phylogenetic trees produced the same topology and strong support, indicated by posterior probabilities in the Bayesian tree and high bootstrap values for the ML tree. Importantly, the topologies of these trees are congruent with those of previously produced genus-wide phylogenies (11,13,17,54). For simplicity, we have depicted the Bayesian tree ( Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 68%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Examination of topologies of phylogenetic trees produced the same topology and strong support, indicated by posterior probabilities in the Bayesian tree and high bootstrap values for the ML tree. Importantly, the topologies of these trees are congruent with those of previously produced genus-wide phylogenies (11,13,17,54). For simplicity, we have depicted the Bayesian tree ( Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 68%
“…This suggests that vertebrate-infecting and insect-specific flaviviruses may have arisen and been lost multiple times throughout the evolutionary history of flaviviruses. In addition, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses also recognizes a number of flaviviruses isolated from vertebrates, such as rodents or birds, that are classified as being flaviviruses with no known vector (NKV) (reviewed by Blitvich and Firth [11]). These viruses are genetically related to vector-borne flaviviruses, with some experimentally demonstrated to replicate in both mosquito and vertebrate cells (12,13).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Flaviviruses are single‐stranded, positive sense RNA viruses. Based on their arthropod and vertebrate host associations, flaviviruses are grouped in three broad categories: dual‐host flaviviruses that are maintained in an interdependent arthropod/vertebrate cycle, the vertebrate‐only flaviviruses that have no known arthropod association though naturally transmitted among vertebrates, and the insect‐specific flaviviruses that replicate in mosquito cell lines only …”
Section: Novel Mosquito‐associated Virusesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The flavivirus genus consists of over 73 unique arthropod-borne viruses, some of which cause high morbidity and mortality. Flaviviruses are generally mosquito-borne or tick-borne and insect-specific flaviviruses, although some can be maintained in a vertebrate only transmission, without a known vector [5][6][7]. Mosquito-borne and tick-borne flaviviruses present the most public health concern.…”
Section: Flavivirusesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During a blood meal, WNV-infected mosquitoes transfer the virus to the dermis and to some extent directly into the blood stream of a vertebrate host [55]. The incubation period of WNV infection in human is [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] days and infections in immunocompetent humans are either asymptomatic or self-limited febrile illness with general body weakness, muscle and joint pains, headache, gastrointestinal complaints, skin rash and lymphadenopathy. However in immunocompromised individuals, infants, elderly and rare situations, a small proportion of WNV cases develop neurological infections characterised by flaccid paralysis, meningitis and encephalitis, which can often lead to death [56].…”
Section: West Nile Virus Life Cycle and Pathogenesismentioning
confidence: 99%