A review of fibrin and fibrin composites for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Tissue engineering has emerged as a new treatment approach for bone repair and regeneration seeking to address limitations associated with current therapies, such as autologous bone grafting. While many bone tissue engineering approaches have traditionally focused on synthetic materials (such as polymers or hydrogels), there has been a lot of excitement surrounding the use of natural materials due to their biologically inspired properties. Fibrin is a natural scaffold formed following tissue injury that initiates hemostasis and provides the initial matrix useful for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Fibrin has captured the interest of bone tissue engineers due to its excellent biocompatibility, controllable biodegradability, and ability to deliver cells and biomolecules. Fibrin is particularly appealing because its precursors, fibrinogen, and thrombin, which can be derived from the patient’s own blood, enable the fabrication of completely autologous scaffolds. In this article, we highlight the unique properties of fibrin as a scaffolding material to treat bone defects. Moreover, we emphasize its role in bone tissue engineering nanocomposites where approaches further emulate the natural nanostructured features of bone when using fibrin and other nanomaterials. We also review the preparation methods of fibrin glue and then discuss a wide range of fibrin applications in bone tissue engineering. These include the delivery of cells and/or biomolecules to a defect site, distributing cells, and/or growth factors throughout other pre-formed scaffolds and enhancing the physical as well as biological properties of other biomaterials. Thoughts on the future direction of fibrin research for bone tissue engineering are also presented. In the future, the development of fibrin precursors as recombinant proteins will solve problems associated with using multiple or single-donor fibrin glue, and the combination of nanomaterials that allow for the incorporation of biomolecules with fibrin will significantly improve the efficacy of fibrin for numerous bone tissue engineering applications.

Innovative biodegradable poly(L-lactide)/collagen/<br />hydroxyapatite composite fibrous scaffolds promote osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation

“…There are several disadvantages associated with the effective repair of bone defects by traditional therapeutic methods such as autograft and allograft, especially in repairing the big bone fracture defects. 1 The main drawback of autograft is donor shortage. For allograft, the problem is the potential risk of infecting diseases and immunological response.…”

“…Innovative biodegradable poly(l-lactide)/ collagen/hydroxyapatite composite fibrous scaffolds promote osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation guoqiang Zhou [1][2][3] sudan liu 1 Yanyan Ma …”

Síntese E Caracterização De Compósitos De Fosfato De Cálcio E Nanofibras De Celulose Visando Aplicação No Reparo De Tecidos Ósseos

“…Caso contrário, as extremidades não se unirão ou ocorrerá uma depressão na área reparada, podendo levar a defeitos funcionais e/ou estéticos ao indivíduo. Nesse caso faz-se necessário o uso de enxertos ósseos que auxiliem a neoformação tecidual (NOORI et al, 2017;CHEN et al, 2016).…”

“…No entanto, são limitados quanto a disponibilidade óssea e aumento dos riscos operatórios e pós-operatórios no paciente (CHEN et al, 2016;NOORI et al, 2017). A engenharia de tecidos tem avançado, portanto, em pesquisas de enxertos aloplásticos, substitutos ósseos sintéticos com possibilidade de produção em escala industrial, mas que muitas vezes necessitam de tratamentos para elevação do grau de osteogenicidade e osteocondutividade (STEIN, 2009).…”

“…Dentre as características desejáveis de um scaffold para reconstrução de tecido ósseo pode-se destacar: biocompatibilidade, biodegradabilidade, osteocondutividade, propriedades mecânicas adequadas, facilidade de produção, manuseio e esterilização (SEO et al, 2015;NOORI et al, 2017). Uma matriz porosa com poros interconectados é importante para que ocorra vascularização e a invasão celular no biomaterial, interferindo assim na organização do tecido formado.…”