A review of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of vehicular polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell power system

Abstract

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a promising vehicle power because of its high energy conversion efficiency and pollution-free reactant. However, the complex structure of multi-system coordination makes the correlation between parameters strong, the fault rate is high and the control is difficult. Timely and accurate fault diagnosis and effective fault-tolerant control are of great significance to the stable output and durability of PEMFC system. Firstly, this paper classifies different faults and describes the applicable scenarios of each classification method. Then, the fault diagnosis methods based on experiment, model and data are summarized, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. Then, the methods and characteristics of hardware fault tolerance and software fault tolerance are analyzed from the point of redundancy, and the application of fault tolerance control in maintaining the stability of PEMFC system is summarized. Finally, the improvement direction and development prospect of fault diagnosis related technology of vehicle PEMFC system are proposed.

A Comprehensive Review on Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Fuel Cell Systems: Challenges and Issues

“…Other works that also involve hydrogen mass flow and pressure sensors are summarized in [10]. They analyzed the flow rate at different points in the pipeline and combined that information with the output power of the stack.…”

“…Causes Symptoms Consequences Diagnostics Recovering mechanism [63,86] supply system, cracked graphite plates, seal-valves, and membrane cross-leaks. [10] cracks in the cooling leakage [87] water vapor content in the anode electrode [94] abnormal variation in H2 pressure and mass flow [88,89] reduction in OCV [87] pressure and humidity monitorization [88,89] OCV using a signal-based technique [90][91][92] fault sensitivity model-based approach [93] model-based on-air mass flow residuals [94] control switch between the FC and UPS system…”

“…This proactive approach could significantly reduce repair and maintenance costs and prevent the unscheduled downtime of FC systems [7,8]. Faults, or failure modes, have been well established in the literature [9], and some reviews on fault diagnosis have been summarised in [10,11]. For example, in both [12,13], several tests for single and multi-cells under the influence of constant and dynamic loads have been reviewed and analyzed.…”

Research Progress on Aging Prediction Methods for Fuel Cells: Mechanism, Methods, and Evaluation Criteria

“…In order to prevent PEMFC system failures and minimize the degradation of fuel cell lifespan due to the reasons mentioned above, more and more lifespan prolongation strategies have been proposed [61]. It is evident that regular hardware inspections and maintenance are essential at the system level.…”