A review of experimental drift turbulence studies

Tynan, G. R.; Fujisawa, A.; McKee, G. R.

doi:10.1088/0741-3335/51/11/113001

Cited by 179 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 360 publications

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“…For the sake of simplicity, let us neglect the transport terms in Eq. (12). The system reaches steady state when the turbulence source equals the turbulence sink that is γ L k = Δωk 2 .…”

Section: One Equation Model For Turbulence In Transport Codesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interchange Turbulence Model for the Edge Plasma in SOLEDGE2D‐EIRENE

Bufferand

Ciraolo

Ghendrih

et al. 2016

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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Cross-field transport in edge tokamak plasmas is known to be dominated by turbulent transport. A dedicated effort has been made to simulate this turbulent transport from first principle models but the numerical cost to run these simulations on the ITER scale remains prohibitive. Edge plasma transport study relies mostly nowadays on so-called transport codes where the turbulent transport is taken into account using effective ad-hoc diffusion coeffecients. In this contribution, we propose to introduce a transport equation for the turbulence intensity in SOLEDGE2D-EIRENE to describe the interchange turbulence properties. Going beyond the empirical diffusive model, this system automatically generates profiles for the turbulent transport and hence reduces the number of degrees of freedom for edge plasma transport codes. We draw inspiration from the k-epsilon model widely used in the neutral fluid community.

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Section: One Equation Model For Turbulence In Transport Codesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The properties of plasma turbulence in tokamaks are still under investigation [12]. Significant differences do exist between 3D well developed turbulence, for which the k-epsilon model has been derived, and turbulence in strongly magnetized plasma.…”

Section: Existing Mean Flow Model For Tokamak Plasma Turbulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Interchange Turbulence Model for the Edge Plasma in SOLEDGE2D‐EIRENE

Bufferand

Ciraolo

Ghendrih

et al. 2016

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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“…There is a great deal of evidence both experimentally and theoretically that drift-wave turbulence at the ion and electron scales is responsible for this anomalous transport. 1 The nonlinear gyrokinetic model has been used extensively to study the turbulent transport in tokamak plasmas, with recent papers focusing on validation efforts that involve direct comparisons with measured turbulence. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Validation of the gyrokinetic model is an important step towards using this model for assessing the performance of fusion plasmas in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative comparison of electron temperature fluctuations to nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations in C-Mod Ohmic L-mode discharges

et al. 2016

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Long wavelength turbulent electron temperature fluctuations (kyρs < 0.3) are measured in the outer core region (r/a > 0.8) of Ohmic L-mode plasmas at Alcator C-Mod [E. S. Marmar et al., Nucl. Fusion 49, 104014 (2009)] with a correlation electron cyclotron emission diagnostic. The relative amplitude and frequency spectrum of the fluctuations are compared quantitatively with nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations using the GYRO code [J. Candy and R. E. Waltz, J. Comput. Phys. 186, 545 (2003)] in two different confinement regimes: linear Ohmic confinement (LOC) regime and saturated Ohmic confinement (SOC) regime. When comparing experiment with nonlinear simulations, it is found that local, electrostatic ion-scale simulations (kyρs ≲ 1.7) performed at r/a ∼ 0.85 reproduce the experimental ion heat flux levels, electron temperature fluctuation levels, and frequency spectra within experimental error bars. In contrast, the electron heat flux is robustly under-predicted and cannot be recovered by using scans of the simulation inputs within error bars or by using global simulations. If both the ion heat flux and the measured temperature fluctuations are attributed predominantly to long-wavelength turbulence, then under-prediction of electron heat flux strongly suggests that electron scale turbulence is important for transport in C-Mod Ohmic L-mode discharges. In addition, no evidence is found from linear or nonlinear simulations for a clear transition from trapped electron mode to ion temperature gradient turbulence across the LOC/SOC transition, and also there is no evidence in these Ohmic L-mode plasmas of the “Transport Shortfall” [C. Holland et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 052301 (2009)].

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“…In well diagnosed laboratory plasmas, coexistence and interaction (Fujisawa 2011;Diamond et al 2011) between small scale drift turbulence (Tynan et al 2009) and large scale coherent nonlinear structures-zonal flows (Diamond et al 2005), streamers (Yamada et al 2008), and other objects that exhibit long range correlation (Inagaki et al 2011)-is an established feature which is central to the phenomenology of the global system (Wagner 2007). Approaches to modelling this span the zero-dimensional Lotka-Volterra predatorprey paradigm (Malkov and Diamond 2009), nonlinear few-wave coupling (Manfredi et al 2001), and large scale numerical simulations, which however are challenged by the need to incorporate a wide range of physically relevant lengthscales.…”

Section: Non-diffusive Transport Arising From the Combination Of Smalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonclassical Transport and Particle-Field Coupling: from Laboratory Plasmas to the Solar Wind

Perrone

Dendy

Furno

et al. 2013

Microphysics of Cosmic Plasmas

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Understanding transport of thermal and suprathermal particles is a fundamental issue in laboratory, solar-terrestrial, and astrophysical plasmas. For laboratory fusion experiments, confinement of particles and energy is essential for sustaining the plasma long enough to reach burning conditions. For solar wind and magnetospheric plasmas, transport properties determine the spatial and temporal distribution of energetic particles, which can be harmful for spacecraft functioning, as well as the entry of solar wind plasma into the magnetosphere. For astrophysical plasmas, transport properties determine the efficiency of particle acceleration processes and affect observable radiative signatures. In all cases, transport depends on the interaction of thermal and suprathermal particles with the electric and magnetic fluctuations in the plasma. Understanding transport therefore requires us to understand these interactions, which encompass a wide range of scales, from magnetohydrodynamic to kinetic scales, with larger scale structures also having a role. The wealth of transport studies during recent decades has shown the existence of a variety of regimes that differ from the classical quasilinear regime. In this paper we give an overview of nonclassical plasma transport regimes, discussing theoretical approaches to superdiffusive and subdiffusive transport, wave-particle interactions at microscopic kinetic scales, the influence of coherent structures and of avalanching transport, and the results of numerical simulations and experimental data analyses. Applications to laboratory plasmas and space plasmas are discussed.

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A review of experimental drift turbulence studies

Cited by 179 publications

References 360 publications

Interchange Turbulence Model for the Edge Plasma in SOLEDGE2D‐EIRENE

Interchange Turbulence Model for the Edge Plasma in SOLEDGE2D‐EIRENE

Quantitative comparison of electron temperature fluctuations to nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations in C-Mod Ohmic L-mode discharges

Nonclassical Transport and Particle-Field Coupling: from Laboratory Plasmas to the Solar Wind

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