A review of executive functions in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Saunamäki, Tiia; Jehkonen, Mervi

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2006.00744.x

Cited by 122 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…One study conducted in Finland with 40 newly diagnosed OSA cases and 20 healthy controls also found impaired performance of the former in some neuropsychological tests, such as the copy of the Rey figure, Block Design and Trail Making B 24 . In a subsequent study, this same group of investigators demonstrated that even prolonged CPAP treatment was not able to match the performance of both groups, especially in learning tasks 25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on cognitive performance

Bawden

Oliveira²,

Caramelli

2011

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Objective: To evaluate the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on cognition. Method: We compared the performance of 17 patients with polysomnographic diagnosis of OSA in brief cognitive tests to that of 20 healthy controls, matched for age and education. The testing battery included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB), Digit-Symbol (DS) and Phonemic Verbal Fluency (FAS). Anthropometric measures and scores from the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were also recorded. Results: OSA patients performed significantly worse than controls in the MMSE, in memory items from the BCSB, in DS and also in FAS. OSA patients also exhibited higher body mass index, increased neck circumference and higher scores in Epworth Sleepiness Scale than controls. Conclusion: OSA significantly impairs cognitive performance, especially within the domains of attention, memory and executive functioning. These deficits may be detected by brief and easy-to-administer cognitive tests. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder associated with episodic sleep disruptions in airway patency, followed by reduction of oxygen saturation and arousals throughout the night. In result of the chronic deprivation of sleep which it determines, OSA can lead to impairment of productivity at work, traffic accidents and also to endocrine and cardiovascular diseases [1][2][3][4][5] .The prevalence of OSA is estimated to range from 2% to 4% of the population aged 30 to 60 years, according to the first major US population-based study con-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on cognitive performance

Bawden

Oliveira²,

Caramelli

2011

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…Many previous studies have assessed OSAS patients’ executive functions with only 1 or 2 tests; this is not enough to draw generalizable conclusions about executive functions in OSAS [15]. Only a few previous studies have assessed executive functions more comprehensively [16,17,18,19,20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Dysfunction in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

et al. 2009

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Aims: To clarify whether patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have executive dysfunction, to identify the domains of executive function affected and to establish the severity of any dysfunction. Methods: A full-night polysomnography and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment focusing on executive functions were conducted on 40 newly diagnosed OSAS patients and 20 healthy controls. The severity of dysfunction was analyzed using norm-referenced data. Results: All patients and controls were men. The groups did not differ statistically significantly in terms of age, education or intelligence quotient. Patients showed poorer performance than controls on the copy of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test, the Block Design, the Trails B of the Trail Making Test and the Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shifting test. Based on the normative data, most OSAS patients performed at a normal level, but a few patients had either mild dysfunction (2.5–12.5%) or moderate to severe dysfunction (5–15%). Conclusions: OSAS patients have lower set-shifting and analysis/synthesis performance than healthy controls. According to the normative data, most patients in the present study had normal performance, but there were also a few patients with more serious deficits.

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“…OSAS has been recognized as a significant problem associated with a wide range of physical and psychological consequences, including hypertension, increased risk of vascular disease and accident, depression, poor quality of life, attention deficit, poor alertness and cognitive problems [2][3][4][5][6]. The most common cognitive problems reported in OSAS patients are deficit on attention, memory and learning abilities, motor performance, constructional abilities and executive functions [2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the compliance of CPAP treatment in most sleep center is as low as 30-60 % [8]. The effects of CPAP treatment on the cognitive function are controversial with various results [2,4,[9][10][11]. Various CPAP compliances, different measurement tools and condition are factors confounding these results [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate and Long-term Neurocognitive Outcome in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome After Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment

Lin

Chou

Kao

et al. 2014

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Neurocognitive dysfunction is a major clinical consequence in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment, as the gold standard of treatment in OSAS, on this major complication are controversial. The duration and compliance of CPAP are thought to be important factors but evidence is lacking. This study is designed to evaluate the effects of immediate (one night), long-term (3 months) influence and the compliances of CPAP treatment on the neurocognitive function in OSAS patients. We enrolled newly diagnosed severe OSAS patients. Neurocognitive function test battery, CANTAB (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery), was performed before, one night and 3 months of CPAP treatment. Patients with CPAP compliance rate C 70 % and \ 50 % were grouped into good and poor adherence subjects, respectively. Fourteen patients were enrolled in final analyses. Six of them were in poor compliant group. Improvements in attention domain were found in all subjects after one-night treatment and maintained till threemonth follow-up. Additional improvements in some attention performances and visual memory performances were gained only after three-month treatment. Significant changes of decision-making and response control function were found between good and poor compliance groups after three-month treatment. CPAP can improve some neurocognitive function at the very first day used. Longer treatment of CPAP can additionally improve some other neurocognitive functions. Compliance of CPAP has influence on the recovery of neurocognitive functions in patients with severe OSAS.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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A review of executive functions in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Cited by 122 publications

References 53 publications

Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on cognitive performance

Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on cognitive performance

Executive Dysfunction in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Immediate and Long-term Neurocognitive Outcome in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome After Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment

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