A Review of Event Deposits in Lake Sediments

Sabatier, Pierre; Moernaut, Jasper; Bertrand, Sébastien; Daele, Maarten Van; Kremer, Katrina; Chaumillon, Éric; Arnaud, Fabien

doi:10.3390/quat5030034

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 302 publications

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“…Sabatier et al . 2022), the basal sand layer reveals an age of 426–787 (2 σ ; median: 569) cal. a CE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary evidence of the Late Holocene tsunami in the Shetland Islands (UK) at Loch Flugarth, northern Mainland

Engel,

Hess,

Dawson

et al. 2023

Boreas

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Tsunami deposits around the North Sea basin are needed to assess the long‐term hazard of tsunamis. Here, we present sedimentary evidence of the youngest tsunami on the Shetland Islands from Loch Flugarth, a coastal lake on northern Mainland. Three gravity cores show organic‐rich background sedimentation with many sub‐centimetre‐scale sand layers, reflecting recurring storm overwash and a sediment source limited to the active beach and uppermost subtidal zone. A basal 13‐cm‐thick sand layer, dated to 426–787 cal. a CE based on 14C, 137Cs and Bayesian age–depth modelling, was found in all cores. High‐resolution grain‐size analysis identified four normally graded or massive sublayers with inversely graded traction carpets at the base of two sublayers. A thin organic‐rich ‘mud’ drape and a ‘mud’ cap cover the two uppermost sublayers, which also contain small rip‐up clasts. Grain‐size distributions show a difference between the basal sand layer and the coarser and better sorted storm layers above. Multivariate statistical analysis of X‐ray fluorescence core scanning data also distinguishes both sand units: Zr, Fe and Ti dominate the thick basal sand, while the thin storm layers are high in K and Si. Enriched Zr and Ti in the basal sand layer, in combination with increased magnetic susceptibility, may be related to higher heavy mineral content reflecting an additional marine sediment source below the storm‐wave base that is activated by a tsunami. Based on reinterpretation of chronological data from two different published sites and the chronostratigraphy of the present study, the tsunami seems to date to c. 1400 cal. a BP. Although the source of the tsunami remains unclear, the lack of evidence for this event outside of the Shetland Islands suggests that it had a local source and was smaller than the older Storegga tsunami (8.15 cal. ka BP), which affected most of the North Sea basin.

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“…Sabatier et al . 2022), the basal sand layer reveals an age of 426–787 (2 σ ; median: 569) cal. a CE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary evidence of the Late Holocene tsunami in the Shetland Islands (UK) at Loch Flugarth, northern Mainland

Engel,

Hess,

Dawson

et al. 2023

Boreas

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“…Furthermore, the response of peaks in sediment proxies to external forcing events varies depending on the type of proxy and event (McLauchlan et al., 2013). In Dongting Lake, the PEIRs of the catchment environmental and lake biogenic proxies were greater in MEs than in HEs and LUEs, suggesting that a quicker response in the physical and organic properties of lake sediments is more likely to result from the ecological changes caused by MEs (Sabatier et al., 2022). Extreme floods and droughts (MEs) in lake‐catchment systems are relatively discrete and represent abrupt disturbances with distinct consequences that can be detected by rapid peak changes in sediment composition (Kenney et al., 2022; Rose et al., 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Driver–response relationships in a large shallow lake since the Anthropocene: Short‐term abrupt perturbations versus long‐term sustainable pressures

Ran,

Wang,

Nie

et al. 2024

Global Change Biology

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Lakes, as integral social‐ecological systems, are hotspots for exploring climatic and anthropogenic impacts, with crucial pathways revealed by continuous sediment records. However, the response of multi‐proxies in large shallow lakes to typical abrupt events and sustained drivers since the Anthropocene remains unclear. Here, we explored the driver‐identification relationships between multi‐proxy peaks and natural and anthropogenic events as well as the attribution of short‐term perturbations and long‐term pressures. To this end, sediment core records, socio‐ecological data, and documented events from official records were integrated into a large shallow lake (Dongting Lake, China). Significant causal cascades and path effects (goodness‐of‐fit: 0.488; total effect: −1.10; p < .001) were observed among catchment environmental proxies, lake biogenic proxies, and mixed‐source proxies. The peak‐event identification rate (PEIR) and event‐peak driving rate were proposed, and values of 28.57%–46.43% and 50%–81.25% were obtained, respectively. The incomplete accuracy of depicting event perturbations using sediment proxies was caused by various information filters both inside and outside the lake. PEIRs for compound events were 1.41 (±0.72) and 1.09 (±0.46) times greater than those for anthropogenic‐dominated and natural‐dominated events, respectively. Furthermore, socio‐economic activity, hydrologic dynamics, land‐use changes, and agriculture exerted significant and persistent pressures, cumulatively contributing 55.3%–80.9% to alterations in sediment proxies. Relatively synergistic or antagonistic trends in temporal contributions of these forces were observed after 2000, which were primarily attributed to the “Grain for Green” project and the Three Gorges Dam. This study represents one of the few investigations to distinguish the driver–response relationship of multiple proxies in large shallow lakes under typical event perturbations and long‐term sustained pressures since the Anthropocene. The findings will help policymakers and managers address ecological perturbations triggered by climate change and human activities over long‐term periods.

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“…Given observations of silt on snow in spring, some unexplained variability in our model may relate to patterns of eolian deposition, which has been reported for lakes in the Canadian Arctic (Lamoureux & Gilbert, 2004; Lewis et al, 2002) and Svalbard (Schiefer et al, 2017). Unexplained variability may also reflect extreme event sedimentation, especially that associated with Marker Bed A and another broadly correlated thick bed of sediment (Figure 2), as depositional processes during extreme sediment transfer events have been found to differ from average‐regime deposition (Desloges & Gilbert, 1994; Sabatier et al, 2022; Schiefer, 2006b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspended sediment deposition and sediment yields at Lake Peters, northeast Brooks Range, Alaska: Fluvial‐ and lake‐based approaches

Thurston

Schiefer

McKay

et al. 2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Lake‐based studies can provide seasonal‐ to millennial‐scale records of sediment yield to improve our understanding of catchment‐scale sediment transfer and complement shorter fluvial‐based sediment transport studies. In this study, sediment accumulation rates at 40 coring locations in Lake Peters, Brooks Range, Alaska, over ca. 42 years, calculated using fallout radionuclides and sediment density patterns, were spatially modelled based on distance from the primary inflow and lake water depth. We estimated mean interdecadal specific sediment yield (Mg km−2 year−1) using the spatially modelled sediment accumulation rates and compared that result to fluvial‐based sediment delivery for 2015–2016 open‐channel seasons, as well as to yields reported for other Arctic catchments. Using the lake‐based method, mean yield to Lake Peters between ca. 1973 and 2015 was 52 ± 12 Mg km−2 year−1, which is comparable with fluvial‐based modelling results of 33 (20–60) Mg km−2 year−1 in 2015 and 79 (50–140) Mg km−2 year−1 in 2016 (95% confidence intervals), respectively. Although 2016 was a year of above average sedimentation, the last extreme depositional event probably occurred between ca. 1970 and 1976 when a basal layer of fine sand was deposited in a broadly distributed, relatively thick and coarse bed, which we used for lake‐wide correlation. The dual lacustrine–fluvial method approach permits study of within‐lake and catchment‐scale processes. Within Lake Peters, sedimentation patterns show decreasing fluxes down‐lake, sediment bypassing near the primary inflow, the influence of secondary inflows and littoral redistribution, and a focusing effect in the deep proximal basin. At the watershed scale, sediment yield is largely driven by intense summer rainfall and strong seasonal hydroclimatic variability. This research informs paleo‐environmental reconstruction and environmental system modelling in Arctic lake catchments.

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A Review of Event Deposits in Lake Sediments

Cited by 46 publications

References 302 publications

Sedimentary evidence of the Late Holocene tsunami in the Shetland Islands (UK) at Loch Flugarth, northern Mainland

Sedimentary evidence of the Late Holocene tsunami in the Shetland Islands (UK) at Loch Flugarth, northern Mainland

Driver–response relationships in a large shallow lake since the Anthropocene: Short‐term abrupt perturbations versus long‐term sustainable pressures

Suspended sediment deposition and sediment yields at Lake Peters, northeast Brooks Range, Alaska: Fluvial‐ and lake‐based approaches

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