A Review of Enzyme-Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Applicability in the Oil and Gas Industry

Alarifi, Sulaiman A.; Mustafa, Ayyaz; Omarov, Kamal; Baig, Abdul Rehman; Tariq, Zeeshan; Mahmoud, Mohamed

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.900881

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…An oxidizing agent (usually air) is pumped into the injection well while simultaneously heating the bottom hole formation zone using a downhole electric heater, gas burner, incendiary chemical mixtures, etc. As a result, exothermic oil oxidation reactions are accelerated, which ultimately leads to the creation of a combustion process in the bottom hole formation zone [87,88].…”

Section: In Situ Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Methods for Enhanced Oil Recovery from Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs

Malozyomov,

Martyushev,

Kukartsev

et al. 2023

Energies

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In world practice, the role of reproduction of raw material base of oil production by implementing modern methods of oil recovery enhancement (thermal, gas, chemical, microbiological) on the basis of innovative techniques and technologies is rapidly growing and is becoming more important. It is concluded that at present, the priority of increasing oil reserves in world oil production is the development and industrial introduction of modern integrated methods of enhanced oil recovery, which can provide a synergistic effect in the development of new and developed oil fields. This article presents a review and comparative analysis of theoretical and practical methods of improving oil recovery of conventional and unconventional reservoirs. The paper examines in detail methods of improving oil recovery, taking into account the factors of enhanced oil recovery of oil reservoirs. Considered the main methods and technologies currently used to develop oil fields and recommendations for their effective use, taking into account the variety of external factors of oil production: the geological structure of the reservoir, its volume, and properties of oils. It is shown that there is no universal method of oil reservoir development, and it must be chosen after a thorough feasibility study among several proposed models. When describing the methods of enhanced oil recovery, special attention is also paid to the physical processes that occur as a result of applying the technology. In conclusion, the positive and negative characteristics of the presented methods included in EOR are presented, and recommendations that may influence the choice of practical solutions for engineers and oil producers are given. Conclusions are made that development systems, placement and choice of operating mode of wells essentially depend on the geological structure of the reservoir, its volume and properties of oils. An important role in this is the construction of a geological model of the production facility. The used hydrodynamic models of development are based on physical laws, about which oil producers sometimes don’t even suspect, and the authors of the models are not always able to convey it to the real producers. The authors consider it reasonable to make a logical generalizing conclusion that understanding processes occurring in the reservoir and taking appropriate measures for optimization and intensification of oil production will allow making oil production as effective as possible.

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Section: In Situ Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Methods for Enhanced Oil Recovery from Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs

Malozyomov,

Martyushev,

Kukartsev

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…Bio cementation techniques such as EICP is an effective tool to counter such environmental concerns. The EICP process can be an economical and viable means for sand consolidation to solve sand production issues in oil and gas wells ( Alarifi et al, 2022 ). Calcium carbonate precipitated in the spaces as a result of chemical action, making the surface more compact and so enhancing the structural integrity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most used enzymes in EICP is the urease enzyme ( Hamdan and Kavazanjian, 2016 ; Yuan et al, 2016 ; Alarifi et al, 2022 ). This enzyme is abundant in microorganisms, plants, and some animals, particularly in legume seeds like jack beans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of calcium carbonate precipitation during alpha-amylase enzyme-induced calcite precipitation (EICP)

Albenayyan

Murtaza

Alarifi

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The sand production during oil and gas extraction poses a severe challenge to the oil and gas companies as it causes erosion of pipelines and valves, damages the pumps, and ultimately decreases production. There are several solutions implemented to contain sand production including chemical and mechanical means. In recent times, extensive work has been done in geotechnical engineering on the application of enzyme-induced calcite precipitation (EICP) techniques for consolidating and increasing the shear strength of sandy soil. In this technique, calcite is precipitated in the loose sand through enzymatic activity to provide stiffness and strength to the loose sand. In this research, we investigated the process of EICP using a new enzyme named alpha-amylase. Different parameters were investigated to get the maximum calcite precipitation. The investigated parameters include enzyme concentration, enzyme volume, calcium chloride (CaCl2) concentration, temperature, the synergistic impact of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and CaCl2, Xanthan Gum, and solution pH. The generated precipitate characteristics were evaluated using a variety of methods, including Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed that the pH, temperature, and concentrations of salts significantly impact the precipitation. The precipitation was observed to be enzyme concentration-dependent and increase with an increase in enzyme concentration as long as a high salt concentration was available. Adding more volume of enzyme brought a slight change in precipitation% due to excessive enzymes with little or no substrate available. The optimum precipitation (87%) was yielded at 12 pH and with 2.5 g/L of Xanthan Gum as a stabilizer at a temperature of 75°C. The synergistic effect of both CaCl2 and MgCl2 yielded the highest CaCO3 precipitation (32.2%) at (0.6:0.4) molar ratio. The findings of this research exhibited the significant advantages and insights of alpha-amylase enzyme in EICP, enabling further investigation of two precipitation mechanisms (calcite precipitation and dolomite precipitation).

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“…Results show that temperature increment to 60 °C can stimulate urea hydrolysis while after that point enzymes (jack urease bean) can lose its functionality 2 . Many other additives for sand consolidation are studied in the literature such as different types of polymers and nanoparticles, each additive has its limitations when it comes to application in the oil and gas industry 22 , 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand consolidation using enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation: new insights on temperature and particle size effects

Omarov,

Alarifi,

Mahmoud

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Sand production is a major issue in the oil and gas industry. Unconsolidated sand can be produced with the oil or gas a cause many issues to the production facilities. Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is a promising method for sand consolidation and is characterized by its environment friendliness. Numerous studies have shown its effectiveness in ambient conditions. However, oil and gas downhole well operations are high pressure and high-temperature conditions. The objective of this study is to investigate effect of high temperature on EICP reaction and its efficiency in terms of uniformity to consolidate different types of sand samples. In this paper, the behavior of EICP solutions is examined in high temperatures from 25 to 90 °C. The study shows that high temperature environment doesn’t handicap efficiency but in contrast it can favor the reaction if optimum concentration of reactants has been selected. The temperature effect is also discussed in terms of controllability of reaction which can favor application of reaction. Qualitive analysis shows when EICP solutions containing more than 50,000 ppm of metal ions and stoichiometrically surplus urea requires exposure to heat for reaction progress. The effect of sand particle size and its implication on the consolidation process was examined. Particle size of fine and medium sand ranged from 125 to 250 µm and 250 to 425 µm respectively while for coarse sand 70% sand particle size was between 425 and 700 µm. Designed EICP solutions achieve 9,000 psi for medium and almost 5,000 psi intrinsic specific energy for coarse sand samples. However, treated samples were subject to non-uniform distribution of strength of which can be up to 8,000 psi difference between top and bottom half of the samples.

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A Review of Enzyme-Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Applicability in the Oil and Gas Industry

Cited by 11 publications

References 142 publications

Overview of Methods for Enhanced Oil Recovery from Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs

Overview of Methods for Enhanced Oil Recovery from Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs

Optimization of calcium carbonate precipitation during alpha-amylase enzyme-induced calcite precipitation (EICP)

Sand consolidation using enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation: new insights on temperature and particle size effects

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