A review of energy planning practices of members of the Economic Community of West African States

Lee, Nathan; Leal, Vítor

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.11.044

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These two specific additional EP objectives were included in a set of seven EP objectives for EP in the ECOWAS region comprising; (3) Maximize PE security, (4) Maximize the reliability of the FE system, (5) Minimize the costs (investment, operation & maintenance), (6) Minimize the influence of the energy system on the global climate, and 7Minimize the impact of the energy system on the local environment (See the EP objective set discussed in Section 3). Excluding the two context specific objectives (i.e., maintainability and energy access), the objectives identified in this work align closely with the "three E" themes of energy security, economic development, and environmental protection common to EP activities of developed countries [5][6][7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…One component of these frameworks is the identification and use of a set of EP objectives that are specific to the context of application. A review of EP activities of members of the ECOWAS by Lee and Leal [5] found that EP activities of countries in the region employed EP objectives which resembled those common to EP activities of developed countries. It was, however, unclear if this convergence of objectives represented a fundamental nature or if it represented the appropriation of objectives without the comprehensive bottom-up activity of identifying the fundamental objectives applicable to each EP activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5). Quantifiable attributes were also identified and/or constructed for the remaining EP objectives.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Identification of objectives for national energy planning in developing countries

Lee

Leal

Dias

2018

Energy Strategy Reviews

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Defining objectives is an essential part of planning processes, useful to induce creative alternatives and to derive the attributes (criteria) on which the alternatives will be assessed. This article identifies a set of energy planning (EP) objectives and measurable attributes specifically tailored for promoting sustainability in developing countries. A literature review was conducted as part of a problem structuring activity to identify applicable EP objectives. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), with an emphasis on Ghana, was used as a representative area of study. Two EP objectives specific to the context of the ECOWAS were identified, namely, to maximize the maintainability of the final energy supply system and to maximize the access to final energy services. These were included within a set of EP objectives which consisted of the additional objectives to maximize primary energy security, to maximize the reliability of the final energy system, to minimize costs (investment, operation & maintenance), to minimize the influence of the energy system on the global climate, and to minimize the impact of the energy system on the local environment. These EP objectives were made operational through the identification of a set of corresponding measurable attributes. This EP objective set, used within a structured EP methodology, may support the implementation and sustainability of national EP activities in the countries of the region. Highlights  Identifies energy planning objectives and attributes for developing countries  Energy planning objectives may support plan implementation in the ECOWAS  Two unique energy planning objectives were made explicit in problem structuring  One unique objective was maximizing the maintainability of the final energy system  Evaluation of achievement of objectives realized through quantifiable attributes

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of objectives for national energy planning in developing countries

Lee

Leal

Dias

2018

Energy Strategy Reviews

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“…For West Africa, Gnansounoua [13] discussed the prospects for the development of the West African electric power industry. Lee and Leal [14] provided a systematic review of the energy planning (EP) activities being conducted in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Ameyaw et al [15] predicted and discussed the relationship between CO 2 Emissions and GDP in five West African countries.…”

Section: Review Of Energy Research In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Forecasting Energy Consumption in East Africa Using the MGM, NMGM, MGM-ARIMA, and NMGM-ARIMA Model

Han

2019

Energies

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Forecasting energy demand is the basis for sustainable energy development. In recent years, the new discovery of East Africa’s energy has completely reversed the energy shortage, having turned the attention of the world to the East African region. Systematic research on energy forecasting in Africa, particularly in East Africa, is still relatively rare. In view of this, this study uses a variety of methods to comprehensively predict energy consumption in East Africa. Based on the traditional grey model, this study: (1) Integrated the power coefficient and metabolic principles, and then proposed non-linear metabolic grey model (NMGM) forecasting model; (2) Used Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA) for secondary modeling, and then developed a metabolic grey model-Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average Model (MGM-ARIMA) and non-linear metabolic grey model-Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average Model (NMGM-ARIMA) combined models. In terms of the prediction interval, the data for 2000–2017 is a fit to the past stage, while the data for 2018–2030 is used for the prediction of the future stage. To measure the effect of the prediction, the study used the average relative error indicator to evaluate the accuracy of different models. The results indicate that: (1) Mean relative errors of NMGM, MGM-ARIMA, and NMGM-ARIMA are 2.9697%, 2.0969%, and 1.4654%, proving that each prediction model is accurate; (2) Compared with the single model, the combined model has higher precision, confirming the superiority and feasibility of model combination. After prediction, the conclusion shows that East Africa’s primary energy consumption will grow by about 4 percent between 2018 and 2030. In addition, the limitation of this study is that only single variable are considered.

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“…• Policy makers and regulators are key for Energy Policy activities, among others: energy planning [121][77] [122], energy market regulation [123], renewable energy support [76] and awareness [73], financing schemes for clean technology or the reforms of the electric power sector [124]. Any of these policy and regulatory activities can have a strong impact in the adoption of renewable energy sources and HRES and some more detailed examples are referred to below.…”

Section: Policy and Regulatory Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES)

Díaz¹

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End of Energy Poverty and achieving Sustainable Energy for all by 2030 is a universal challenge. 1.3 billion people without energy access and 2.8 billion people using unsustainable solid fuel for cooking and heating are global challenges for human and societal sustainable development. Nearly $1 trillion of investment is expected in the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) scenario to achieve universal energy access in 2030. Around 60% of investments will be in isolated off-grid and mini-grid systems with the relevant goal of duplicating the renewable energy sources in the energy mix. Access to innovation trends in renewable energy off-grid would benefit future installations. This work brings to light the recent years research contributions in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) and related aspects that would benefit these required investments in isolated off-grid and mini-grid systems. An overview on the thematic focus of research in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) in the last decade, period 2005 - 2015, is provided. This review covers multiple key aspects of HRES as the main focus of the research (technical, economical, environmental, financial, etc.); the design of the system (type of load, energy sources, storage, availability of meteorology data, etc.); different optimization criteria and objective function; software and modelling tools; and the type of application and country among others. A methodology for searching, identifying and categorizing the innovations related to HRES is proposed. Applying this methodology during this PhD work results in a primary database with a categorized bibliography including nearly 400 entries. Currently system design is mainly technical driven with economic feasibility analysis regarding the energy cost. As for environmental aspects, the beneficial impacts of renewable energy are hardly introduced as an economical value that is so far the most important decision-making criteria. Regarding decision-making tools, the most currently used optimization algorithms and software tools for the design of HRES is HOMER and a case study for understanding is proposed. Following the analysis of most popular and relevant criteria, an easy to use guideline is proposed encouraging decision-making for more sustainable energy access. There are untapped research opportunities for HRES in multi-disciplinary thematic areas. The analysis of innovations regarding the system design for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) have identified potential for research community aligned with the trends to integrate the value chain and foster innovative business models and sustainable energy markets. After the analysis of those different focus that goes from technical and economical, to environmental, regulatory or policy aspects, an integrated value chain for HRES systems is defined. Knowledge, methodologies & tools are provided in this PhD work for more stand-alone hybrid systems creating value for more of the stakeholders involved. After reviewing the latest innovations in HRES per thematic focus, an integrated value chain for those systems has been proposed and multidisciplinary research opportunities have been identified. Identifying the need to include the environmental aspects in early stages of the decision-making has lead to propose an easy to use guideline integrating most relevant criteria for the design of stand-alone renewable power systems. Finally, the research opportunities identified and the untapped potential of transferring latest innovations have result in the creation of the website ElectrifyMe (www.electrifyme.org) to enable valuable international networking contacts among researchers and encouraging multi-disciplinary research. "Knowledge, methodologies & tools" are powerful contributions by research community and innovators to foster more sustainable energy for all. El fi de la pobresa energètica i l'assoliment d'energia sostenible per a tothom l'any 2030 és un repte universal. 1,3 mil milions de persones sense accés a l'energia i 2,8 mil milions de persones que utilitzen combustible sòlid insostenible per cuinar i escalfar són desafiaments globals pel desenvolupament humà sostenible i social. S'espera una inversió aproximada de $1 trilió en l'energia sostenible per a tots (SE4ALL) per aconseguir l'accés universal a l'energia en 2030. Al voltant del 60 % de les inversions seran en sistemes off-grid i mini-grid, amb la corresponent meta de duplicar les fonts d'energia renovables en el mix energétic. En aquesta tesis es facilita una visió general sobre els àmbits temàtics de la recerca en Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) en l'última dècada, període 2005-2015. Aquesta revisió es refereix a diversos aspectes clau deis HRES com: el focus principal de la investigació (tècnics, econòmics, ambientals, financers, etc.); el disseny del sistema (tipus de carrega, fonts d'energia, l'emmagatzematge, la disponibilitat de dades de meteorologia, etc.); diferents criteris d'optimització i funció objectiu; programari de modelatge eines; i el tipus d'aplicació i el país, entre d'altres. Es proposa una metodologia per buscar, identificar i categoritzar les innovacions relacionades amb els HRES. L'aplicació d'aquesta metodologia durant aquest treball de doctorat proporciona una base de dades primaria amb una bibliografia classificada incloent prop de 400 entrades. Actualment el disseny dels sistemes incorporen criteris tècnics amb anàlisi de viabilitat econòmica sobre el cost de l'energia. Pel que fa a les eines de presa de decisions, el métode d'optimització més utilitzats en l'actualitat pel disseny de HRES és HOMER, i es proposa un estudi de cas per a la comprensió deis criteris de disseny. Després de l'anàlisi de la majoria deis valors més habituals i rellevants, es proposa una senzilla guia per la presa de decisions per a l'accés a l'energia més sostenible. Després de compartir innovacions i proporcionar metodologies i eines, facilitar la creació de xarxes entre els investigadors ha demostrat ser una poderosa acció per promoure recerca sense explotar amb equips multidisciplinaris i internacionals. La pàgina web ElectrifyMe (www .electrifyme .org) ha estat creada amb la finalitat de facilitar a la comunitat d'investigació descobrir les innovacions i compartir projectes . Coneixements, metodologies i eines es proporcionen en aquest treball de doctorat per afavorir la creació de valor als sistemes aïllats híbrids renovables (stand-alone HRES) pels actors involucrats. Després de revisar les últimes innovacions en la introducció de renovables en sistemes aïllats en diferent enfoc temàtic, s'han estat identificat oportunitats de recerca multidisciplinars i s'ha proposat una cadena de valor integrada per aquests sistemes. La identificació de la necessitat d'incloure els aspectes ambientals en les primeres etapes de la presa de decisions ha portat a proposar una guia fàcil per utilitzar la integració de criteris més rellevants pel disseny de sistemes d'energia renovables independents. Finalment, tes oportunitats de recerca identificades i el potencial sense explotar de transferir les darreres innovacions tenen com a resultat la creació de la pàgina web ElectrifyMe (www.electrifyme.org) per promoure contactes i col·laboracions de xarxes internacionals entre investigadors i el foment de la investigació multidisciplinar. "El coneixement, les metodologies i les eines són poderoses contribucions de la comunitat de recerca per assolir un accés sostenible a l'energia per tots"

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A review of energy planning practices of members of the Economic Community of West African States

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Identification of objectives for national energy planning in developing countries

Identification of objectives for national energy planning in developing countries

Comparison of Forecasting Energy Consumption in East Africa Using the MGM, NMGM, MGM-ARIMA, and NMGM-ARIMA Model

Stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES)

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