A Review of Electro-Mechanical Brake (EMB) System: Structure, Control and Application

Li, Congcong; Zhuo, Guirong; Tang, Chen; Liu, Xiong; Tian, Wei; Qiao, Lingling; Cheng, Yong; Duan, Yanlong

doi:10.3390/su15054514

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…It was also discovered that consumers preferred electrical breaks over mechanical and hydraulic ones. Mechanical brakes are more robust and easier to maintain than other brake options; however, they require more maintenance despite being cheap because of dirt and grime attaching because of the cable stretching, which can affect the vehicle's performance [34]. Electrical breaks, referred to as regenerative brakes, are preferred more than hydraulic because it is the standard regenerative brakes that all-electric vehicles are built with and are the best for new consumers who are switching to EVs and have little to no idea about the different types of regenerative brakes [70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another type of regenerative brake is electrical break. Li et al [34] explained that it is the most efficient and responsive. It also provides better control and stability by adjusting the braking force to each wheel individually according to the driving conditions.…”

Section: Methodology 21 Attributes and Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrical break also has warning system for when the break is about to wear or has passed their timely maintenance. While considered the most efficient and responsive, electric brakes, unfortunately, are less effective at high speeds or under heavy loads because it has lower braking torque and generate more heat than the two brakes [34]. Unlike electrical breaks, hydraulic brakes have high breaking torque and good reliability.…”

Section: Methodology 21 Attributes and Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marketing Strategy and Preference Analysis of Electric Cars in a Developing Country: A Perspective from the Philippines

Uy,

Ong,

German

2024

WEVJ

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The wide-scale integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in developed countries represents a significant technological innovation and a step toward reducing carbon emissions from transportation. Conversely, in developing nations like the Philippines, the adoption and availability of EVs have not been as rapid or widespread compared to other countries. In identifying this gap, this study delved into the preferences and factors influencing Filipino consumers’ willingness to purchase EVs. The study gathered 311 valid responses utilizing conjoint analysis with an orthogonal approach to assess the attributes influencing customers’ purchase decisions. Conjoint analysis tools such as IBM SPSS v25 statistics were utilized to infer consumer preference. The results determined that cost is the primary concern for consumers by a considerable margin; followed by battery type and charging method; along with the type of EV, driving range, and charging speed; and most minor concern is regenerative brakes. Therefore, there is an apparent sensitivity to price and technology. This study is the first to apply conjoint analysis to the Philippine market, delivering in-depth consumer preference insights that can help manufacturers and policymakers customize their approach to making EVs more attractive and more viable in less developed markets. The results suggest that a targeted effort to overcome cost barriers and improve technological literacy among prospective buyers should be productive for speeding up EV adoption in the Philippines. The results could be extended in future research to a broader assessment of socioeconomic and environmental benefits, laying out a broader plan for promoting sustainable solutions in transportation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodology 21 Attributes and Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodology 21 Attributes and Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marketing Strategy and Preference Analysis of Electric Cars in a Developing Country: A Perspective from the Philippines

Uy,

Ong,

German

2024

WEVJ

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“…There are multiple ways to detect force exerted by the driver on the pedal. Sensors commonly used in the EMB actuator include the following types: pressure, torque, angular displacement, and axial displacement sensors [ 45 , 46 ]. In automotive applications, choosing the right sensor involves considering factors such as resistance to moisture, dust, oil, and thermal drift.…”

Section: Batz’s Next-generation Pedalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-Generation Pedal: Integration of Sensors in a Braking Pedal for a Full Brake-by-Wire System

Gumiel

Mabe

Burguera³

et al. 2023

Sensors

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This article presents a novel approach to designing and validating a fully electronic braking pedal, addressing the growing integration of electronics in vehicles. With the imminent rise of brake-by-wire (BBW) technology, the brake pedal requires electronification to keep pace with industry advancements. This research explores technologies and features for the next-generation pedal, including low-power consumption electronics, cost-effective sensors, active adjustable pedals, and a retractable pedal for autonomous vehicles. Furthermore, this research brings the benefits of the water injection technique (WIT) as the base for manufacturing plastic pedal brakes towards reducing cost and weight while enhancing torsional stiffness. Communication with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) has provided valuable insights and feedback, facilitating a productive exchange of ideas. The findings include two sensor prototypes utilizing inductive technology and printed-ink gauges. Significantly, reduced power consumption was achieved in a Hall-effect sensor already in production. Additionally, a functional BBW prototype was developed and validated. This research presents an innovative approach to pedal design that aligns with current electrification trends and autonomous vehicles. It positions the braking pedal as an advanced component that has the potential to redefine industry standards. In summary, this research significantly contributes to the electronic braking pedal technology presenting the critical industry needs that have driven technical studies and progress in the field of sensors, electronics, and materials, highlighting the challenges that component manufacturers will inevitably face in the forthcoming years.

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“…The electro-mechanical brake (EMB) is a novel braking mode for railway trains, which has advantages of shorter response time, higher control accuracy, simpler maintenance, and a more compact structure [1][2][3][4]. Currently, the EMB technology has been applied to aircraft, automotives, and rail vehicles [5][6][7][8][9][10] and is recognized as the next generation of braking technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wear Prediction Framework for Ball-Screw of Electro-Mechanical Brake Unit on Railway Trains

Ma,

Weng,

Tian

et al. 2024

Actuators

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The electro-mechanical brake is a new advancement in railway train braking. Ball-screws are important components of electro-mechanical braking units (EMBUs), and their wear can cause EMBUs to degrade in performance or even fail to function. In this paper, we present a framework for prediction of ball-screw wear with discrete operating conditions as inputs, taking into account the time-varying characteristics of EMBUs. The framework includes determining the contact type, analyzing relative motion, calculating contact deformations, and estimating wear. The contact type is determined based on the quasi-static approach of Hertz theory. A dynamics model using multiple coordinate systems is established to analyze how balls and raceways move in relation to each other. The contact deformations of the ball–raceway contact are determined using numerical calculation. Then, the wear depth increment is calculated using the Archard model. The results of the calculation and the endurance test indicate that the wear on the screw raceway is greater than that on the nut raceway. The effect of velocity is greater than the effect of axial force. The presented calculation framework is reasonable and can be used for predicting EMBU ball-screw wear.

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A Review of Electro-Mechanical Brake (EMB) System: Structure, Control and Application

Cited by 14 publications

References 48 publications

Marketing Strategy and Preference Analysis of Electric Cars in a Developing Country: A Perspective from the Philippines

Marketing Strategy and Preference Analysis of Electric Cars in a Developing Country: A Perspective from the Philippines

Next-Generation Pedal: Integration of Sensors in a Braking Pedal for a Full Brake-by-Wire System

A Wear Prediction Framework for Ball-Screw of Electro-Mechanical Brake Unit on Railway Trains

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