A review of electrically conductive poly(ether ether ketone) materials

Abstract

Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is a high‐performance thermoplastic with a distinctive combination of corrosion resistance, thermo‐oxidative stability and outstanding physical and mechanical properties at high temperatures. A pertinent step forward in the development of this thermoplastic has been the inclusion of electrically conductive fillers to expand its functionality. In this review an overview of the research on electrically conductive PEEK composites is provided. Conductive filler type, fabrication methods, characterization details and different properties are described. Carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets and other organic and inorganic conductive fillers such as expanded graphite and nickel have been incorporated into PEEK by techniques such as extrusion, injection moulding and cold and hot compression moulding and in some cases with pre‐processing steps including mechanochemical modifications in organic solvents. The influences of type, loading and compatibilization of fillers and processing conditions on the mechanical and electrical conductivity properties of the composites are analysed and compared. The incorporated fillers have been able to enhance the electrical conductivity of the PEEK composites to either the semiconducting or conductive regions. PEEK composites containing carbon nanotubes compatibilized by polysulfones and poly(ether imide) achieved electrical conductivity values in the semiconducting region at the lowest electrical percolation threshold of 0.1 wt%. Additionally, the inclusion of 10 wt% expanded graphite and 10 vol% inorganic macroparticles of nickel noticeably improved the electrical conductivity of PEEK into the conductive region. © 2021 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Surface Chemistry of Ketones and Diketones on Lewis Acidic γ-Al2O3 Probed by Infrared Spectroscopy

“…Ketones are an important class of organic reactants that are essential to the chemical industry. They serve as important precursors for the manufacturing of synthetic polymers, 1,2 enantiopure alcohols, 3 imines/amines, 4 and more. Diketones have also been utilized to synthesize specific compounds with high regio, diastereo, and enantioselectivity.…”

“…Acetone was used as a common energy reference, which also provided insight into the influence of sterics for diketone binding energies. The binding energies were calculated and referenced to adsorbed acetone according to eq 1 (1) where E Adsorbed molecule* is the DFT-calculated energy of the adsorbed species, E Adsorbed acetone is the energy of adsorbed acetone, E Gas phase molecule is the energy of the gas-phase molecule, and E Gas phase acetone is the energy of gas-phase acetone. The different adsorbed molecule structures were generated from an initial configuration based on the gas-phase molecule geometry.…”

“…Ketones are an important class of organic reactants that are essential to the chemical industry. They serve as important precursors for the manufacturing of synthetic polymers, , enantiopure alcohols, imines/amines, and more. Diketones have also been utilized to synthesize specific compounds with high regio, diastereo, and enantioselectivity. , While ketones and diketones may be acquired through a variety of sources and synthesis processes, it is likely that heterogeneous acid–base catalysts, typically metal oxides, are involved in some stage of their production or conversion.…”

Improving Physical Function by Focusing on Sports Archery Training

“…In this paper, the data are summarized and counted using the statistical method. 6 This paper uses SPSS software to make statistics to make the obtained data more objective.…”

Special issue: PAEKing ahead into the 21st century

“…The development of electrically conductive PEEKs is an exciting area at the interface of materials science and engineering, and Mokhtari and co‐workers offer an interesting review of conducting PEEK‐based composites highlighting the current state‐of‐the‐art, supplemented by a research article describing the production of antistatic composite materials composed of graphite and PEEKs 12,13 . Neergat and co‐workers offer a thought provoking review on the topic of PAEKs for energy storage and conversion, which is supplemented by an interesting research article from Zhang and co‐workers on sulfonated PEEK‐based polyelectrolyte gels for supercapacitors 14,15 .…”