A Review of Distributed Fibre Optic Sensors for Geo-Hydrological Applications

Schenato, Luca

doi:10.3390/app7090896

Cited by 179 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 184 publications

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“…Our data showed a near‐surface zone at approximately 0‐ to 6‐m depth where the Brillouin frequency shift fluctuated markedly over time (Figure S8b), which was primarily attributed to the variation of shallow soil temperature (Bense & Kooi, ; Kogure & Okuda, ). This can be readily addressed by employing an additional FO temperature cable insensitive to mechanical strains (Habel & Krebber, ; Schenato, ). By subtracting thermally induced Brillouin frequency shifts (equation ), the actual strain due to strata deformation can be obtained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This spatial undersampling problem may be overcome by using the emerging distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technology, which allows for distributed strain measurements along a common fiber optic (FO) cable (Bao & Chen, 2012;Habel & Krebber, 2011;Schenato, 2017). DFOS with Raman scattering has already been known as distributed temperature sensing and utilized for a host of hydrological and geothermal applications (Briggs et al, 2012;Carlino et al, 2016;Curtis & Kyle, 2011;Selker et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertically Distributed Sensing of Deformation Using Fiber Optic Sensing

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Vertical deformation can be revealed by various techniques such as precise leveling, satellite imagery, and extensometry. Despite considerable effort, recording detailed subsurface deformation using traditional extensometers remains challenging when attempting to detect localized deformation. Here we introduce distributed fiber optic sensing based on Brillouin scattering as a geophysical exploration method for imaging distributed profiles of vertical deformation. By examining fiber optic cable‐soil interaction we found a threshold in confining pressure to achieve a strong cable‐soil coupling, thus validating data collected from a borehole‐embedded fiber optic cable deployed in Shengze, southern Yangtze Delta, China. Clear‐cut strain profiles acquired from November 2014 to December 2016 allowed us to pinpoint where compaction or rebound was actively occurring and examine strain responses at various locations along the entire cable length. We suggest that distributed fiber optic sensing can complement with extensometry and remote sensing techniques for improved monitoring of vertical deformation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically Distributed Sensing of Deformation Using Fiber Optic Sensing

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…For example, an R-OTDR sensing system based on 15-km SMFs requires the detector working long wavelengths, such as InGaAs photodetectors. 68…”

Section: R-otdrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on fiber-optic sensing in health monitoring of power grids

et al. 2019

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Fiber-optic sensing technology is best adapted to health monitoring and evaluation of power grids because of its immunity of electromagnetic interference, capabilities of multiplexing and distributed sensing, and tolerance to harsh environments. We review key fiber-optic sensing technologies, including fiber Bragg gratings, fiber-optic interferometers, optical time domain reflectometries, and their applications in three main parts of power grids, transformers, power towers, and overhead transmission lines, during the past 20 years. In particular, optical fiber composite overhead ground wire and optical phase conductor applied in power grids are the areas of great potential to go further. The perspectives of an intelligent fault diagnosis subsystem for power grids based on a fiber-optic sensing network are discussed, and related on-going work is described. The review shall be of benefit to both engineers and researchers in power grids and fiber-optic sensing.

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“…Therefore, the increased spatial resolutions of FBGs also accrue greater costs and preparation times. Different from FBGs, one of the advantages of DFOS is that it can extract the measurand values (such as temperature, strain, pressure, corrosion, and vibration) as a function of the position along the entire length of the sensing fiber (Schenato, ). Therefore, DFOS can potentially replace a large number of discrete sensors (e.g., Soga et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the Vertical Distribution of Rainfall‐Induced Strain Changes in a Landslide Measured by Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing With Rayleigh Backscattering

Kogure

Okuda

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Distributed fiber optic sensing with Rayleigh backscattering, which has been recognized as a novel technique for measuring differences in temperature or strain, was adopted in a borehole to a depth of 16 m in an actual landslide to detect a vertical profile of strain changes. Strain changes were measured every with a spatial resolution of 10 cm and strain resolution of 1.87 με. The measurements provided a clear-cut vertical profile of the strain changes caused by rainfalls that cannot be detected by conventional methods. The results show that there are two types of deformation in the landslide mass: (1) sliding at the boundary between tuff and mudstone and (2) creep in mudstone layers. Activation of deeper sections of the landslide by heavy rainfalls has also been detected.Plain Language Summary This paper reveals in great detail the deformation process of a landslide corresponding to rainfall, which has never been detected in previous research, through the monitoring of the vertical distribution of strain changes with distributed fiber optic sensing analyzing Rayleigh backscattering. The measurements were completed on 18 October 2017. Therefore, this paper needs to rapidly report the results. This paper visualizes the unknown deformation of a mudstone layer below a slip plane that has been gradually activated by heavy rainfalls. The detection of the deformation of deeper zones leading to a larger landslide is a significant advance in disaster prevention and mitigation. The applicability of this technique to strain measurements for landslides shown in this paper suggests possible strain measurements for rocks in many research fields, including in studies of the deformations of active faults and volcanos. The results shown in this paper may also be useful for researchers working in optics, photonics, and physical as well as geophysical research fields where they are trying to develop new technologies.

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A Review of Distributed Fibre Optic Sensors for Geo-Hydrological Applications

Cited by 179 publications

References 184 publications

Vertically Distributed Sensing of Deformation Using Fiber Optic Sensing

Vertically Distributed Sensing of Deformation Using Fiber Optic Sensing

Review on fiber-optic sensing in health monitoring of power grids

Monitoring the Vertical Distribution of Rainfall‐Induced Strain Changes in a Landslide Measured by Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing With Rayleigh Backscattering

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