A review of disasters in Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh region in India

Abstract

India has always been a disaster-prone country, with multiple states afflicted by different types of disasters. The impact of these disasters is exacerbated when an area is prone to multiple types of disasters. This study attempts to understand the impact of natural and man-made disasters on the people of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) and Ladakh region in India as well as it also examines the resilience mechanisms adopted by the people, and identifies measures taken by the government in response to these disasters. To understand these disasters’ dynamics, we conducted both offline and online desk reviews for this study. The review suggests that J&K and Ladakh region is afflicted not only by multiple natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, avalanches, and landslides but also by the terrorism and violence, which has caused unparalleled death and destruction. These natural and man-made disasters have adversely affected most aspects of life and development in the region. To mitigate the risks, effective disaster risk reduction and management systems, early warning systems and infrastructure need to be strengthened. In addition, community engagement needs to be enhanced with the goal of addressing the grievances of the population and engaging them in the design and implementation of sustainable development programs.

Developing a Hazard Profile of The Kashmir Valley Through Historical Data Analysis For The Period 1900-2020

“…The valley of Kashmir is subjected to several natural hazards for example, earthquakes, oods, landslides, snow avalanches, droughts, wild res, extreme temperatures, lightning and thunderstorms, snowstorms, hailstorms, etc., (SDMP, 2017; Patel et al, 2020). Henceforth, a case study on the recent past emphasizes the need to know how the valley of Kashmir has been impacted by natural hazards and disasters during the entire Twentieth Century and early Twenty-rst Century through historical review and to stress its utility in disaster preparedness (Reide, 2014(Reide, , 2017Ahmad, 2021).…”

Developing Landslide Hazard Scenario of Kashmir Himalaya from the Historical Events

“…Jammu and Kashmir a con icted zone has widespread violence, a large military movement in the region and the atmosphere is often very tense and the people of the region are suffering from stress, trauma, and depression(Housen et al 2019;Wani et al 2020). The ongoing unrest in the region with the high Disaster vulnerabilities potentially accelerates the adverse psychological impacts on the people(Patel et al 2020). The region is less developed compared to the other states of India where a localized hazard like Landslide creates havoc due to late response from the authorities.…”