A review of dipentene (dl-limonene) production from waste tire pyrolysis

Effect of temperature and heating rate on limonene production from waste tyre pyrolysis

“…Cheung et al later agreed with Lee et al and attributed this behaviour to the earlier attainment of high temperatures in the sample at higher heating rates [16]. It has been reported that the first peak is due to depolymerisation and the second peak due to degradation [10,21]. Limonene is formed during depolymerisation.…”

“…This observation stresses the importance of the heating rate for limonene production. Finally, it is known that limonene is derived from NR [10]. Therefore, considering that the current crumb consists of 56.0 wt.% volatile matter, assuming that this constitutes the total rubber content, of which 64 wt.% is NR (see Table 1) the 'effective limonene yield' obtained was 22 wt.%.…”

“…the final/highest temperature of the heating programme) on the chemical composition of the TDO was predominantly investigated. It has been reported that limonene yields are highest for temperatures between 400 and 500 • C [10]. The maximum limonene concentration in the TDO reported by Cunliffe and Williams was at a temperature of 450 • C [14].…”

“…The present study focusses on the production of limonene (C 10 H 16 ) from waste tyre pyrolysis. Limonene is derived from the polyisoprene (natural rubber or NR) fraction of a tyre and is typically the most abundant compound in the TDO [9,10]. Limonene is an important starting material in several industrial formulations for e.g.…”

Preparation and study of properties of polyvinyl chloride-scrap tire composite for civil applications

“…The conductivity may result from the expected touching of many filler particles with each other to begin to form filler conductive chains, which greatly contribute to the thermal conductivities of composites. When the thermal conductivity of the 20% of the scrap tire content,0.25 W/m K, is compared with those of some common construction materials, it was less than the thermal conductivity of clay bricks [13], the wood concrete [18] and concrete containing waste rubber [19]. Thus, conductivity values of our samples fall within the range of insulating materials.…”