A review of diagnosis and treatment of acne in adult female patients

Tan, A.U.; Schlosser, Bethanee J.; Paller, Amy S.

doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.10.006

Cited by 178 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 256 publications

(332 reference statements)

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“…ATRA is an established pleiotropic modulator of innate and adaptive immunity . In addition, topical application of ATRA is approved by the FDA for acne treatment . and represents a feasible choice for a combination strategy.…”

Section: Non‐ablative Fractional Laser Adjuvantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…56 In addition, topical application of ATRA is approved by the FDA for acne treatment. 57 and represents a feasible choice for a combination strategy. In this study, ATRA stimulated upregulation of cytosolic nucleic acid sensors and their downstream factors, leading to enhancement of type I interferon expression caused by release of DAMPs upon the NAFL treatment.…”

Section: Laser Adjuvantmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser adjuvant for vaccination

Kashiwagi

2020

FASEB j.

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The use of an immunologic adjuvant to augment the immune response is essential for modern vaccines which are relatively ineffective on their own. In the past decade, researchers have been consistently reporting that skin treatment with a physical parameter, namely laser light, augments the immune response to vaccine and functions as an immunologic adjuvant. This “laser adjuvant” has numerous advantages over the conventional chemical or biological agents; it is free from cold chain storage, hypodermic needles, biohazardous sharp waste, irreversible formulation with vaccine antigen, undesirable biodistribution in vital organs, or unknown long‐term toxicity. Since vaccine formulations are given to healthy populations, these characteristics render the “laser adjuvant” significant advantages for clinical use and open a new developmental path for a safe and effective vaccine. In addition, laser technology has been used in the clinic for more than three decades and is therefore technically matured and has been proved to be safe. Currently, four classes of laser adjuvant have been reported; ultrashort pulsed, non‐pulsed, non‐ablative fractional, and ablative fractional lasers. Since each class of the laser adjuvant shows a distinct mechanism of action, a proper choice is necessary to craft an effective vaccine formulation toward a desired clinical benefit for a clinical vaccine to maximize protection. In addition, data also suggest that further improvement in the efficacy is possible when a laser adjuvant is combined with chemical or biological adjuvant(s). To realize these goals, further efforts to uncover the molecular mechanisms of action of the laser adjuvants is warranted. This review provides a summary and comments of the recent updates in the laser adjuvant technology.

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Section: Non‐ablative Fractional Laser Adjuvantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laser Adjuvantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser adjuvant for vaccination

Kashiwagi

2020

FASEB j.

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“…Cortexolone 17αpropionate competitively inhibits endogenous androgen binding at the human androgen receptor level without inhibiting the skin 5α-reductase. Cortexolone 17α-propionate 1% cream was also clinically more effective than tretinoin 0.05% cream but this difference was not statistically significant [98]. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) catalyzes the formation of delta9-monounsaturated fatty acids from saturated precursors.…”

Section: Topical Anti-androgensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oral isotretinoin is FDA-approved for the treatment of severe recalcitrant AV but can also be used to treat patients with moderate acne that is either treatment-resistant or relapses quickly after discontinuation of oral antibiotic therapy. Several studies have shown that isotretinoin effectively decreases sebum production, the number of acne lesions, and acne scarring [98]. The treatment for the average patient is carried out during two to ten months [248].…”

Section: Isotretinoinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Penicillin, erythromycin, and cephalosporin are thought to have the best safety profile during pregnancy. There are three categories of antibiotic agents that range from those that are likely to reduce the effectiveness of OCPs (rifampin), those that are associated with OCP failure in three or more reported cases (ampicillin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, and tetracycline), and those that were associated with OCP failure in at least one case report (cephalexin, clindamycin, dapsone, erythromycin, griseofulvin, isoniazid, phenoxymethylpenicillin, talampicillin, and trimethoprim) [98].…”

Section: Oral Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acne Protection: Measures & Miseries

2019

ARC Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Management of Acne Vulgaris

Eichenfield

Sprague

Eichenfield

2021

JAMA

168

115

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ImportanceAcne vulgaris is an inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit of the skin that primarily involves the face and trunk and affects approximately 9% of the population worldwide (approximately 85% of individuals aged 12-24 years, and approximately 50% of patients aged 20-29 years). Acne vulgaris can cause permanent physical scarring, negatively affect quality of life and self-image, and has been associated with increased rates of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation.ObservationsAcne vulgaris is classified based on patient age, lesion morphology (comedonal, inflammatory, mixed, nodulocystic), distribution (location on face, trunk, or both), and severity (extent, presence or absence of scarring, postinflammatory erythema, or hyperpigmentation). Although most acne does not require specific medical evaluation, medical workup is sometimes warranted. Topical therapies such as retinoids (eg, tretinoin, adapalene), benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid, and/or combinations of topical agents are first-line treatments. When prescribed as a single therapy in a randomized trial of 207 patients, treatment with tretinoin 0.025% gel reduced acne lesion counts at 12 weeks by 63% compared with baseline. Combinations of topical agents with systemic agents (oral antibiotics such as doxycycline and minocycline, hormonal therapies such as combination oral contraception [COC] or spironolactone, or isotretinoin) are recommended for more severe disease. In a meta-analysis of 32 randomized clinical trials, COC was associated with reductions in inflammatory lesions by 62%, placebo was associated with a 26% reduction, and oral antibiotics were associated with a 58% reduction at 6-month follow-up. Isotretinoin is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treating severe recalcitrant nodular acne but is often used to treat resistant or persistent moderate to severe acne, as well as acne that produces scarring or significant psychosocial distress.Conclusions and RelevanceAcne vulgaris affects approximately 9% of the population worldwide and approximately 85% of those aged 12 to 24 years. First-line therapies are topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid, or combinations of topicals. For more severe disease, oral antibiotics such as doxycycline or minocycline, hormonal therapies such as combination oral conceptive agents or spironolactone, or isotretinoin are most effective.

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A review of diagnosis and treatment of acne in adult female patients

Cited by 178 publications

References 256 publications

Laser adjuvant for vaccination

Laser adjuvant for vaccination

Acne Protection: Measures & Miseries

Management of Acne Vulgaris

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