A review of dengue as an emerging disease in Pakistan

Rasheed, Syed Basit; Butlin, Roger K.; Boots, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2012.09.006

Cited by 117 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As Pakistan moves toward an endemic transmission setting in the northeast of the country, however, serotype data will be increasingly important to determine how strain dynamics are likely to affect the likelihood of outbreaks (28). Indeed, we believe that the substantial lag time in Lahore we observed was probably due to the recent large outbreak in 2011, which may have generated substantial immunity and delayed the 2013 epidemic (16,29). A box is drawn if suitability multiplied by estimated introduction events is greater than 0, indicating a nonnegative risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…2A and Table S1). About half of the dengue cases reported occurred in the Mingora area of Swat (KP province), marking the first major outbreak in the region [n = 7,950, compared with a previous maximum of 300 cases reported in KP in 2011 (16)]. …”

Section: Human Mobility In Pakistan Does Not Conform To Standard Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 A and B). Interestingly, Lahore had suffered its first major outbreak 2 y before this epidemic, and we expect that immunity may have played a significant role in determining transmission dynamics (16). Mingora, on the other hand, represents an effectively naive population.…”

Section: Human Mobility In Pakistan Does Not Conform To Standard Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dengue has long been endemic in most Southeast Asian countries (1), but has more recently emerged in parts of the Middle East and South Asia, including Pakistan (15,16). In Pakistan, the transmission of dengue viruses was largely confined to the southern city of Karachi until 2011 when a large dengue epidemic with over 20,000 cases occurred in the northeastern city of Lahore (16), causing significant morbidity and mortality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Pakistan, the transmission of dengue viruses was largely confined to the southern city of Karachi until 2011 when a large dengue epidemic with over 20,000 cases occurred in the northeastern city of Lahore (16), causing significant morbidity and mortality. In 2013, a second large epidemic occurred in northeastern Pakistan in Punjab and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KP) provinces, establishing the region as an emerging focus of seasonal dengue epidemics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of human mobility on the emergence of dengue epidemics in Pakistan

Wesolowski

Qureshi

Boni

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

427

401

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The recent emergence of dengue viruses into new susceptible human populations throughout Asia and the Middle East, driven in part by human travel on both local and global scales, represents a significant global health risk, particularly in areas with changing climatic suitability for the mosquito vector. In Pakistan, dengue has been endemic for decades in the southern port city of Karachi, but large epidemics in the northeast have emerged only since 2011. Pakistan is therefore representative of many countries on the verge of countrywide endemic dengue transmission, where prevention, surveillance, and preparedness are key priorities in previously dengue-free regions. We analyze spatially explicit dengue case data from a large outbreak in Pakistan in 2013 and compare the dynamics of the epidemic to an epidemiological model of dengue virus transmission based on climate and mobility data from ∼40 million mobile phone subscribers. We find that mobile phone-based mobility estimates predict the geographic spread and timing of epidemics in both recently epidemic and emerging locations. We combine transmission suitability maps with estimates of seasonal dengue virus importation to generate fine-scale dynamic risk maps with direct application to dengue containment and epidemic preparedness.dengue | human mobility | Pakistan | mobile phones | epidemiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Human Mobility In Pakistan Does Not Conform To Standard Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Mobility In Pakistan Does Not Conform To Standard Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of human mobility on the emergence of dengue epidemics in Pakistan

Wesolowski

Qureshi

Boni

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

427

401

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Prevalence of dengue virus serotypes in the 2017 outbreak in Peshawar, KP, Pakistan

Khan

Danish

Khan³

et al. 2020

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Background Dengue is a viral disease, transmitted by infected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus female mosquitoes. Worldwide, 96 million infections were estimated in 2010. The dengue virus comprises four distinct serotypes (DENV‐1, DENV‐2, DENV‐3, and DENV‐4) which belong to the genus Flavivirus. Determining the serotypes during dengue outbreaks is crucial for its effective management in terms of diagnostics improvement and polyvalent vaccine development. The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence rate of dengue virus serotypes in the samples collected from patients during the 2017 outbreak in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods A total of 800 ELISA‐positive samples were collected, of which 513 (290 males, 223 females) samples were confirmed positive by PCR. Results Out of 513, 25 were found serotype 1 (5%), 196 were serotype 2 (38%), 192 were serotype 3 (37%), 56 were serotype 4 (11%), and 44 (8%) were found to have mix serotypes. Conclusion We can conclude that serotypes 2 and 3 of dengue virus were the predominated serotypes of dengue virus in the 2017 outbreak in Peshawar, capital city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

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Dengue fever virus in Pakistan: effects of seasonal pattern and temperature change on distribution of vector and virus

et al. 2016

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Dengue fever is regarded as one of the most prominent emerging arboviral infections in Pakistan since its first epidemic almost 2 decades ago. Interplay between potential vectors, susceptible host, and lax environmental conditions may promote the infection, leading to an epidemic. These factors may indeed have played a major role in the spread of the disease in the country, which was limited to Karachi till 2006. With recent natural disasters such as the earthquake in 2005 and flooding in 2010, 2011 and 2012, numbers of vector-borne diseases and outbreaks including dengue fever are on the rise in Pakistan. Therefore, it is a major concern for health sector workers and of utmost importance to have some understanding of the factors affecting disease outbreak for better risk assessment in the region. In the following report we review the climatic as well as host- and vector-associated factors involved in the outbreak of dengue epidemics in Pakistan and highlight high-risk zones in the country.

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A review of dengue as an emerging disease in Pakistan

Cited by 117 publications

References 13 publications

Impact of human mobility on the emergence of dengue epidemics in Pakistan

Impact of human mobility on the emergence of dengue epidemics in Pakistan

Prevalence of dengue virus serotypes in the 2017 outbreak in Peshawar, KP, Pakistan

Dengue fever virus in Pakistan: effects of seasonal pattern and temperature change on distribution of vector and virus

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