A Review of Defatting Strategies for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Young, Erin Nicole; Doğan, Murat; Watkins, Christine; Bajwa, Amandeep; Eason, James D.; Kuscu, Canan; Kuscu, Cem

doi:10.3390/ijms231911805

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…In addition, overexpression of hepatic lipoprotein lipase induces peripheral IR and lipid accumulation [51,57]. Furthermore, models of liver-specific knockdown of fatty acid transporter protein 2 (FATP2) or FATP5 reduce HFD-induced hepatosteatosis and increased glucose tolerance [58,59]. Therefore, our model can also study early molecular mechanisms and dynamics of hepatic steatosis associated with IR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hepatic Insulin Resistance Model in the Male Wistar Rat Using Exogenous Insulin Glargine Administration

et al. 2023

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Metabolic diseases are a worldwide health problem. Insulin resistance (IR) is their distinctive hallmark. For their study, animal models that provide reliable information are necessary, permitting the analysis of the cluster of abnormalities that conform to it, its progression, and time-dependent molecular modifications. We aimed to develop an IR model by exogenous insulin administration. The effective dose of insulin glargine to generate hyperinsulinemia but without hypoglycemia was established. Then, two groups (control and insulin) of male Wistar rats of 100 g weight were formed. The selected dose (4 U/kg) was administered for 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. Zoometry, a glucose tolerance test, insulin response, IR, and the serum lipid profile were assessed. We evaluated insulin signaling, glycogenesis and lipogenesis, redox balance, and inflammation in the liver. Results showed an impairment of glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and peripheral and time-dependent selective IR. At the hepatic level, insulin signaling was impaired, resulting in reduced hepatic glycogen levels and triglyceride accumulation, an increase in the ROS level with MAPK-ERK1/2 response, and mild pro-oxidative microenvironmental sustained by MT, GSH, and GR activity. Hepatic IR coincides with additions in MAPK-p38, NF-κB, and zoometric changes. In conclusion, daily insulin glargine administration generated a progressive IR model. At the hepatic level, the IR was combined with oxidative conditions but without inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hepatic Insulin Resistance Model in the Male Wistar Rat Using Exogenous Insulin Glargine Administration

et al. 2023

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“…Although macrovesicular steatosis is associated with elevated graft failure risk, the impact of this parameter on organ nonuse appears to be disproportionately high [116 ▪ ], despite improvements over time in posttransplant outcomes with steatotic livers [117]. Technological advancements for ‘de-fatting’ livers prior to transplant may hold future promise for improving both utilization and outcomes with these grafts [118]. A recent systematic review found that NMP holds immense potential to recondition and improve evaluation of less-than-ideal liver grafts [119 ▪ ], while remaining cost-effective compared with static cold storage [120].…”

Section: Other Notable Opportunities To Increase Liver Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond donation to organ utilization in the USA

Stewart

Lonze

2023

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation

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Purpose of reviewThe deceased donor organ pool has broadened beyond young, otherwise healthy head trauma victims. But an abundance of donated organs only benefits patients if they are accepted, expeditiously transported and actually transplanted. This review focuses on postdonation challenges and opportunities to increase the number of transplants through improved organ utilization. Recent findingsWe build upon recently proposed changes in terminology for measuring organ utilization. Among organs recovered for transplant, the nonuse rate (NUR REC ) has risen above 25% for kidneys and pancreata. Among donors, the nonuse rate (NUR DON ) has risen to 40% for livers and exceeds 70% for thoracic organs. Programme-level variation in offer acceptance rates vastly exceeds variation in the traditional, 1-year survival benchmark. Key opportunities to boost utilization include donation after circulatory death and hepatitis C virus (HCV)þ organs; acute kidney injury and suboptimal biopsy kidneys; older and steatotic livers.

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“…The recent achievements in tissue engineering of in vitro 2D, 2.5D, 3D, organoid and organ-on-chip ocular models and in vivo and ex vivo ocular models were discussed in terms of their advantages and limitations. Another review by Young et al looks in detail at different strategies for fatty liver treatment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [3]. They discuss various defatting strategies, including in vitro use of pharmacologic agents, machine perfusion of extracted livers, and genomic approaches targeting specific proteins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%