A Review of Damage by Mammals in North Temperate Forests: 3. Impact on Trees and Forests

Gill, Robin

doi:10.1093/forestry/65.4.363-a

Cited by 399 publications

(302 citation statements)

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“…A number of authors mentioned a higher probability of stem infection by S. sanguinolentum (in Picea sitchensis as well as Picea abies) in larger wounds (Löffer 1975;Roll-Hansen, Roll-Hansen 1980;El Atta, Hayes 1987;Gill et al 2000). However, Picea abies is attacked by S. sanguinolentum relatively intensively even in cases of small gaping wounds as supported by this paper and by other papers (Gregory 1986;Gill 1992;Gill et al 2000). Roll-Hansen and Roll-Hansen (1980) or Vasiliauskas et al (1996) reported that wounds larger than 50 cm 2 showed good conditions for infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Stem decay by Stereum sanguinolentum after red deer damage n the Českomoravská vrchovina Highlands

Čermák¹,

Strejcek²

2007

J. For. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Damage caused by bark peeling and browsing by red deer to Picea abies was investigated in two localities in the Českomoravská vrchovina Highlands. 127 experimental plots of 50 × 50 m in size were monitored in stands aged from 15 to 93 years. In total, 44% of 16,700 inspected trees were damaged by bark peeling and browsing. The area of gaping wounds varied from 50 to 1,650 cm 2 . Stem decay affected 68% of the damaged trees. Some properties of the decay were analysed from 200 sample trees felled on the plots. Bark peeling damage occurred when the trees were 4 to 48 years old. Decayed wood accounted for 22-70% (mean 42%) of the merchantable stem volume of sample trees. The mean rate of the vertical decay spread was 17.4 cm per year (ranging from 4-63 cm per year). Mean decay volume correlated positively and mean spreading rate correlated negatively with the time elapsed from the bark peeling damage occurrence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Stem decay by Stereum sanguinolentum after red deer damage n the Českomoravská vrchovina Highlands

Čermák¹,

Strejcek²

2007

J. For. Sci.

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“…Similarly, no deer browsing of aspen suckers was observed, in line with Rackham (1975) and Joys et al (2004), although both roe and red deer have high preferences for aspen (Gill, 1992a), and aspen is often planted as a fodder crop for wild deer (Worrell, 1995b). Avoidance could be due to elevated levels of secondary compounds in the plant tissues produced as a response to the initial felling, in order to deter further browsing (Karban and Myers, 1989;Gill, 1992b). The American aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)…”

Section: Aspen Regrowthmentioning

confidence: 76%

Willow (Salix spp.) and aspen (Populus tremula) regrowth after felling by the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber): implications for riparian woodland conservation in Scotland

Jones

Gilvear

Willby

et al. 2008

Aquatic Conservation

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ABSTRACT1. A proposed trial reintroduction of the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber L.) to Scotland has recently been approved (May 2008). A previous proposal was turned down by the licensing authority, partly over the perceived risks to woodland within a Special Area of Conservation.2. This paper presents data on two years of willow (Salix spp.) and aspen (Populus tremula L.) regrowth following tree felling by captive beavers within two large semi-natural enclosures in eastern Scotland. Both willow and aspen are highly preferred by beavers.3. Regrowth of willow stems was quantified from cut stumps, felled logs and partially severed ('incompletely felled') trees, and compared with growth of stems in the canopies of untouched willows.4. Maximum annual regrowth was observed in incompletely felled trees, followed by cut stumps and then unfelled control trees. Mean regrowth rates were ca 18 m regrowth per metre of measured tree section per year in incompletely felled trees. This was approximately 12 times more annual regrowth than that observed in unfelled trees, despite apparently selective browsing of the regrowth of incompletely felled trees by roe deer.5. Although incompletely felled willows represent a relatively small component of felling activity (9% of all felled willow), they contribute disproportionately to the biomass of beaver-engineered riparian woodlands, creating a more multi-layered habitat structure.6. Willow regrowth in inundated areas was avoided by deer, and harvesting of regrowth by beavers was rare. 7. Significant regrowth from 11 stumps of aspen in 2 years post-felling occurred by suckering, with 85 suckers of mean height 2.1 m being recorded, all of which were subsequently avoided by browsing deer and beavers.8. These data suggest that rapid regeneration of willow and aspen will occur in riparian woodlands in the event of major felling activity by Eurasian beaver, even in the presence of low to moderate levels of roe deer browsing, and that the conservation status of both these trees or the wider habitats that they form would not be threatened by a well planned and managed reintroduction of beavers to Scotland.

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“…Plants may undergo major morphological changes after browsing such as reduced height, and less side shoots combined with reduced foliage density, which can affect growth rate and may result in severe growth loss [11,20]. The physical damage is influenced by the intensity, frequency, and seedling flushing stage at the time of the herbivore attack [19]. Repeated browsing damages the plant more than a single attack, has negative effects on height growth and stem form and can create an imbalance in the shoot-root ratio [12,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physical damage is influenced by the intensity, frequency, and seedling flushing stage at the time of the herbivore attack [19]. Repeated browsing damages the plant more than a single attack, has negative effects on height growth and stem form and can create an imbalance in the shoot-root ratio [12,19,20]. Severe attacks can even kill seedlings [13,17,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of browsing on shoots and roots of naturally regenerated sessile oak seedlings

Drexhage

Colin

2003

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Comparison of 145 6-to 7-year-old seedlings of sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) sampled from adjacent fenced and nonfenced plots in an area of a natural regeneration showed only small but significant differences in plant form allometry between plants damaged by browsing and unbrowsed plants. Browsing reduced plant size and changed biomass distribution. Browsed plants had more branches and greater leaf biomass than unbrowsed plants and allocated a higher proportion of biomass to the root system, particularly to coarse and tap roots, while the stem biomass was not affected. The results suggest that the young tree may survive moderate animal browsing (10 roe-deer per 100 ha, 68% of browsed plants with a mean of 4 shoots damaged), although it reduces height growth and thus development towards a tree canopy height.browsing / natural regeneration / Quercus petraea / root / shoot / seedling Résumé -Effets de l'abroutissement sur les parties aérienne et racinaire de semis naturels de chêne sessile. Dans une régénération naturelle de chêne sessile (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) nous avons comparé la croissance de 145 semis âgés de 6 à 7 ans prélevés à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur d'enclos. Des différences significatives de forme et d'allométrie ont été trouvées entre les plants abroutis et non abroutis. L'abroutissement a réduit la taille du plant et modifié la répartition de la biomasse. Par rapport aux plants non abroutis, les plants abroutis présentaient un nombre de branches et une biomasse foliaire plus grande et un rapport de la biomasse des racines plus élevé à celle de la tige. Par contre, la biomasse de la tige ne différait pas. Il apparaît que le jeune arbre peut survivre à un abroutissement modéré (10 chevreuils/100 ha et 68 % des plants abroutis avec une moyenne de 4 pousses endommagées), même si sa croissance en hauteur est réduite en retardant ainsi son accès à la strate arborescente. abroutissement / régénération naturelle / Quercus petraea / racine / tige / semis

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A Review of Damage by Mammals in North Temperate Forests: 3. Impact on Trees and Forests

Cited by 399 publications

References 0 publications

Stem decay by Stereum sanguinolentum after red deer damage n the Českomoravská vrchovina Highlands

Stem decay by Stereum sanguinolentum after red deer damage n the Českomoravská vrchovina Highlands

Willow (Salix spp.) and aspen (Populus tremula) regrowth after felling by the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber): implications for riparian woodland conservation in Scotland

Effects of browsing on shoots and roots of naturally regenerated sessile oak seedlings

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