A review of dairy cattle heat stress mitigation in Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia is a tropical country with a hot climate. In tropical nations such as Indonesia, heat stress is a key reason for the reduced productivity of dairy cattle. Heat stress is a combination of internal and external stimuli that affects an animal, raises its body temperature, and causes it to react physiologically. Most Indonesian dairy cattle are Friesian Holstein (FH), imported from European nations with a temperate environment with low temperatures in the range of 5°C–25°C. Indonesia has a tropical climate with a high ambient temperature that can reach 34°C during the day and the local relative humidity varies between 70% and 90%. Temperature and humidity are two microenvironment factors that may impact the production and heat release in FH cattle. More than 98% of the entire dairy cattle population in Indonesia is found on Java Island. On Java Island, there are between 534.22 and 543.55 thousand heads of cattle, while the dairy cattle population outside Java Island is just 6.59 thousand heads of cattle. The milk output climbs by an average of 3.34% per year, or approximately 909.64 thousand tons and the average annual growth in whole milk consumption was 0.19 L/capita. Indonesian cow milk output has been unable to keep pace with the country’s increasing demand. This study aimed to review the strategies to mitigate heat stress in FH dairy cattle in Indonesia. Keywords: dairy cattle, heat stress, Indonesia, tropical country.

Relief of The Impact of Heat Stress on Friesian and Cross-Bred Friesian Dairy Cows by Water Showering under Egyptian Hot Humid Summer Conditions in Nile Delta

“…While under the heat period (THI 74.1±4.4) the healthy cows revealed a rectal temperature ≥ 39.5°C (Burfeind et al, 2012). Dairy cows have RT within normal ranges between 38.20°C and 39.10°C (Asmarasari et al, 2023). Current results indicated a 0.52° C and 0.36° C decrease in rectal temperature for both showered groups of Friesian and crossbred Friesian dairy cows, respectively was similar to the results of Chen et al (2016) and Ahmad et al (2018), noted 0.7° C and 0.3° C reductions, respectively, in body temperature of dairy cattle in response to showering.…”