A review of current knowledge and future prospects regarding persistent organic pollutants over the Tibetan Plateau

Wang, Xiaoping; Gong, Ping; Wang, Chuanfei; Ren, Juanjuan; Yao, Tandong

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.107

Cited by 84 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…These values are 2-3 times and 1-2 orders of magnitude, respectively, higher than those for legacy chemicals (such as DDT and HCHs, with maximum concentrations in the tens of pg m −3 ; Wang et al, 2016b). Moreover, among the various legacy and emerging POPs in wild Tibetan fishes, the average level of PFASs is the third highest (just after those of DDT and HCHs; Shi et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2016a). All this evidence suggests that emerging POPs should be of great concern for the environmental safety of the TP, as they are large-volume-production chemicals that have not been regulated in the surrounding countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Taking advantage of the Tibetan Observation and Research Platform (Wang et al, 2016a), a passive air monitoring network comprising 16 sampling sites across the TP has been established with good spatial coverage of the TP ( in the Supplement) and has already produced results regarding the spatial and temporal pattern of legacy POPs (Wang et al, , 2016b. In this study, duplicate SIP-PASs were deployed at each sampling site for about 100 days from May to July for sampling PFASs (2011) andcVMSs (2013).…”

Section: Sampling Campaignmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and spatial distribution of neutral perfluoroalkyl substances and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in the atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Due to their properties of bioaccumulation, toxicity, and long-range atmospheric transport, polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) are currently being considered as emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) for regulation. To date, there are limited data on PFASs and cVMSs in the atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), a remote environment which can provide information on global background conditions. Sorbent-impregnated polyurethane foam (SIP) disc passive air samplers were therefore deployed for 3 months (May to July 2011 and 2013) at 16 locations across the TP. Using previously reported methods for estimating the air volume sampled by SIP discs, the derived atmospheric concentrations ranged as follows: 18-565 ng m −3 for cVMS (including D3, D4, D5, and D6); 65-223 pg m −3 for fluorotelomer alcohols ( FTOHs); 1.2-12.8 pg m −3 for fluorinated sulfonamides ( FOSA); and 0.29-1.02 pg m −3 for fluorinated sulfonamidoethanols ( FOSE). The highest cVMS occurred at Lhasa, the capital city of the TP, indicating the local contribution to the emerging pollutants. Higher levels of FTOHs were observed at sites close to the transport channel of the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, indicating possible long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT). Elevated concentrations of shorter-chain volatile PFAS precursors (4 : 2 FTOH and fluorobutane sulfonamidoethanol) were found in most air samples, reflecting the shift in production from long-to short-chain PFASs in Asia. Overall, concentrations of emerging POPs at background sites of the TP were 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than those reported for legacy POPs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Sampling Campaignmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and spatial distribution of neutral perfluoroalkyl substances and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in the atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2018

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“…where P is precipitation depth per day (m d −1 ) derived from the data recorded in the NCMORS, and W G and W P are the gas and particle washout ratios. Assuming that equilibrium is attained between the gas phase and the dissolved phase in a raindrop, W G was estimated by (Wania et al, 1998a)…”

Section: Estimation Of Dry and Wet Deposition Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly to the polar regions, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been regarded as a convergence zone of OPs (Wang et al, 2016). Due to the continuous use of OPs in the surrounding countries and the "cold trapping" by the TP, the enrichment of OPs in the TP environment has been reported (Sheng et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric processes of organic pollutants over a remote lake on the central Tibetan Plateau: implications for regional cycling

Ren

Wang

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Atmospheric processes (air–surface exchange, and atmospheric deposition and degradation) are crucial for understanding the global cycling and fate of organic pollutants (OPs). However, such assessments over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) remain uncertain. More than 50 % of Chinese lakes are located on the TP, which exerts a remarkable influence on the regional water, energy, and chemical cycling. In this study, air and water samples were simultaneously collected in Nam Co, a large lake on the TP, to test whether the lake is a secondary source or sink of OPs. Lower concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were observed in the atmosphere and lake water of Nam Co, while the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were relatively higher. Results of fugacity ratios and chiral signatures both suggest that the lake acted as the net sink of atmospheric hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), following their long-range transport driven by the Indian monsoon. Different behaviours were observed in the PAHs, which primarily originated from local biomass burning. Acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, and fluorene showed volatilization from the lake to the atmosphere, while other PAHs were deposited into the lake due to the integrated deposition process (wet/dry and air–water gas deposition) and limited atmospheric degradation. As the dominant PAH compound, phenanthrene exhibited a seasonal reversal of air–water gas exchange, which was likely related to the melting of the lake ice in May. The annual input of HCHs from the air to the entire lake area (2015 km2) was estimated as 1.9 kg yr−1, while input estimated for ∑ 15PAHs can potentially reach up to 550 kg yr−1. This study highlights the significance of PAH deposition on the regional carbon cycling in the oligotrophic lakes of the TP.

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“…Taking advantage of the Tibetan Observation and Research Platform (Wang et al, 2016a), a passive air monitoring network comprising 16 sampling sites across the TP has been established with good spatial coverage of the TP (Fig. S1 in the Supplement) and has already produced results regarding the spatial and temporal pattern of legacy POPs (Wang et al, , 2016b.…”

Section: Sampling Campaignmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wang¹

2018

Preprint

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Due to their properties of bioaccumulation, toxicity, and long-range atmospheric transport, polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) are currently being considered as emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) for regulation. To date, there are limited data on PFASs and cVMSs in the atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), a remote environment which can provide information on global background conditions. Sorbent-impregnated polyurethane foam (SIP) disc passive air samplers were therefore deployed for 3 months (May to July 2011 and 2013) at 16 locations across the TP. Using previously reported methods for estimating the air volume sampled by SIP discs, the derived atmospheric concentrations ranged as follows: 18-565 ng m −3 for cVMS (including D3, D4, D5, and D6); 65-223 pg m −3 for fluorotelomer alcohols ( FTOHs); 1.2-12.8 pg m −3 for fluorinated sulfonamides ( FOSA); and 0.29-1.02 pg m −3 for fluorinated sulfonamidoethanols ( FOSE). The highest cVMS occurred at Lhasa, the capital city of the TP, indicating the local contribution to the emerging pollutants. Higher levels of FTOHs were observed at sites close to the transport channel of the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, indicating possible long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT). Elevated concentrations of shorter-chain volatile PFAS precursors (4 : 2 FTOH and fluorobutane sulfonamidoethanol) were found in most air samples, reflecting the shift in production from long-to short-chain PFASs in Asia. Overall, concentrations of emerging POPs at background sites of the TP were 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than those reported for legacy POPs.

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A review of current knowledge and future prospects regarding persistent organic pollutants over the Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 84 publications

References 139 publications

Occurrence and spatial distribution of neutral perfluoroalkyl substances and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in the atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau

Occurrence and spatial distribution of neutral perfluoroalkyl substances and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in the atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau

Atmospheric processes of organic pollutants over a remote lake on the central Tibetan Plateau: implications for regional cycling

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