A Review of Current Interventions for COVID-19 Prevention

Abstract

The recent outbreak of CoVID-19 is declared as a global public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). A fresh figure of 2268011 positive cases and 155185 death records (till April 18 th 2020) across the worldwide signify the severity of this viral infection. CoVID-19 infection is a pandemic, surface to surface communicable disease with a case fatality rate of 3.4% as estimated by WHO up to March 3 rd 2020. Unfortunately, the current unavailability of an effective antiviral drug and approved vaccine, worsen the situation more critical. Implementation of an effective preventive measure is the only option left to counteract CoVID-19. Further, a retrospective analysis provides evidence that contemplates the decisive role of preventive measures in controlling severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003. A statistical surveillance report of WHO reflects, maintaining a coherent infection, prevention and control guideline resulted in a 30% reduction in healthcare-associated infections. The effectiveness of preventive measures completely relies on the strength of surface disinfectants, the composition of hand sanitizer, appropriate material for the manufacture of personal protective equipment (PPE). This review enlightens the various preventive measures such as a suitable selection of surface disinfectants, appropriate hand sanitization, and empowering the PPE that could be a potential intervention to fight against CoVID-19.

The spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain: Hygiene habits, sociodemographic profile, mobility patterns and comorbidities

“…Depending upon the nature of the surface, pH, temperature and relative humidity of the surrounding, virus persistence time varies from 1–9 days. The highly risk exposed surface areas need to be cleaned frequently with a suitable disinfectant ( Pradhan et al, 2020 ). Person-to-person transmission contributes a major part to make this infection pandemic.…”

“…There are many different hydroalcoholic hand sanitizer formulas available on the market with variable effectiveness. Misinformation and inadequate choice of an effective product by the population means that the measure may be ineffective in protecting the general population which does not guarantee the effectiveness of the use of these agents as a preventive measure ( Pradhan et al, 2020 ). Transmission through contaminated hands share a major contribution to the spread of COVID-19 infection.…”

“…A report analyzed that people in the metropolitan city touched their faces and common objects with an average time interval of 3.6 and 3.3 times per hour, respectively. The use of nitrile gloves is preferred over latex gloves because nitrile resist some chemicals, including certain disinfectants such as chlorine ( Pradhan et al, 2020 ).…”

Exploration of Chinese Parental Awareness About COVID-19 Outbreaks

“…Personal preventive measures towards COVID-19, including proper handwashing, appropriate facemask use, and respiratory hygiene practices (cough etiquette), are particularly important [18][19]. Clinical experts recommend that proper handwashing technique involve 7 steps and last at 20 seconds [23][24][25], and it is recommended to cover nose and mouth with tissue or and an elbow rather than hands when coughing or sneezing [17,[21][22][23][24][25][26]. However, our research revealed that the majority of participants had incorrect information on handwashing technique and respiratory hygiene practice ( Table 2, q11 and q12).…”

“…Based on above research, personal protective measures, personal hygiene, and appropriate social distance remain the most viable options for prevention among children [6,19,[21][22][23][24][25][26]. In recent months schools around the world have gradually begun to reopen, including in most provinces in China, causing many parents to fear for their children's safety in the midst of a pandemic.…”