A Review of Crop Protection Methods against the Twospotted Spider Mite—Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)—With Special Reference to Alternative Methods

Abstract

Tetranychus urticae is one of the most important pests of many species of economically important crops, cultivated both under cover and in open ground. Feeding T. urticae reduces the size and quality of the yield. Nowadays, in connection with the popularization of organic farming and the green order policy, non-chemical methods that provide an effective reduction in the harmfulness of this spider mite are sought. The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge on methods of reducing the undesirable effects of T. urticae feeding. The paper discusses the main directions of searching for biopesticides against T. urticae and provides a list of natural components on which commercially available products are based. The aspect of using the natural properties of plants, micro- and macro-organisms is presented. The paper also deals with the issue of the spread of spider mites in connection with the observed climate changes.

Effects of Various Nectar and Pollen Plants on the Survival, Reproduction, and Predation of Neoseiulus bicaudus

“…This phenomenon can be attributed to its high abundance of pollen and nectar, which are rich in essential nutrients such as sugars, fats, proteins, and flavonoids, among others [ 41 ]. The findings of this study showed that, although T. erecta belongs to the Asteraceae family, similar to C. cyanus , it led to poor survival and reproductive rates in N. bicaudus , possibly due to the presence of certain secondary compounds with adverse effects [ 60 ]. Similar observations were made with respect to B. napus and L. maritima , both of which are members of the Brassicaceae family.…”

The Effect of Acaricide Control of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch on the Cultivation of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and on the Size and Quality of the Yield

“…The presented pesticides are diverse in their mechanism of action. They affect the nervous system-neurotoxins (5)-inhibit the growth of mites or disturb their development (8) and inhibit lipid metabolism (2) [46,49].…”

Small‐scale dispersal and gene flow of the agricultural pest two‐spotted spider mite in apple orchards: Implication from landscape ecological and population genetic analyses

“…In apple production, T. urticae is one of the most serious pests. T. urticae feeding on apple leaves causes economic losses for apple growers due to reduced fruit quality, poor tree growth, and lower yields (El Taj et al, 2011; Jakubowska et al, 2022; Warabieda, 2015). In recent years, the development of new chemical insecticides for the control of Tetranychidae mites has been limited partly due to increasingly stringent environmental, toxicological as well as regulatory requirements (Sparks & Lorsbach, 2017; Van Leeuwen et al, 2015).…”