A Review of Corneal Endotheliitis and Endotheliopathy: Differential Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment

Moshirfar, Majid; Murri, Michael; Shah, Tirth; Skanchy, David F; Tuckfield, James Q.; Ronquillo, Yasmyne C; Birdsong, Orry C.; Hofstedt, Daniel; Hoopes, Phillip C

doi:10.1007/s40123-019-0169-7

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 116 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We have classified the clinical characteristics with various kinds of KPs into four types based on Moshirfar's review [14]. We found that the clinical characteristics were related to the copy number of DNA of CMV in the aqueous humor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between the clinical characteristics and copy numbers of DNA of cytomegalovirus determined by real-time PCR

Yoshimura

Araki-Sasaki

Toyokawa³

et al. 2020

Int Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose To determine whether there is a correlation between the clinicals characteristics including various types of keratic precipitates and the copy numbers of the DNA of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in eyes with CMV corneal endotheliitis. Methods We reviewed the medical charts of four cases of corneal endotheliitis that were CMV-positive. We have classified types of clinical phenomenon into four types: coin-shaped KPs, sectoral corneal edema with or without Khodadoust line-like KPs, mutton-fat KPs, and fine KPs and have graded their severity. We also determined the copy numbers of the DNA of CMV in the aqueous humor by real-time polymerase chain reaction before and during the treatment. We evaluated the correlation between the patterns of clinical characteristics and copy number of the DNA of CMV. Results There were clinical improvements in all eyes following topical ganciclovir in conjunction with low dose of topical steroid treatment, with or without oral valganciclovir. The clinical characteristics and the copy numbers of the DNA of CMV varied during the treatment period. The presence of coin-shaped KPs was correlated with high copy numbers (105–103 copies/ml) of the DNA of CMV. The copy numbers of the DNA of CMV with sectoral corneal edema with or without Khodadoust line-like KPs ranged from 104 to 102 copies/ml, and it was occasionally accompanied by high intraocular pressure. Mutton-fat KPs were observed inferiorly, sometimes together with coin-shaped KPs and sectoral corneal edema, or solely. The copy numbers in eyes with mutton-fat KPs varied and occasionally less than the cutoff level. Fine-pigmented KPs were observed after the resolution of the endotheliitis, and no DNA of CMV was detected in the aqueous humor. Conclusions Careful observations of the clinical characteristics such as the KPs and corneal edema might be helpful in estimating the amount of the DNA of CMV in eyes with corneal endotheliitis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between the clinical characteristics and copy numbers of DNA of cytomegalovirus determined by real-time PCR

Yoshimura

Araki-Sasaki

Toyokawa³

et al. 2020

Int Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Bacterial infections can also induce endothelial changes, though more indirectly, through changes in stromal imbibition and anterior chamber inflammatory infiltrates. At present, however, there are no bacteria that target the aqueous or the endothelium specifically [60].…”

Section: Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal Endothelial Decompensation

Gupta¹,

Deng²

2020

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Endothelial decompensation can occur from a variety of insults to the endothelium that result in loss of stromal clarity. Direct insults to the endothelium commonly occur in inherited, inflammatory, traumatic, immunological, and infectious etiologies. These injuries may cause transient injury without decompensation, but repetitive injury or severe isolated injury can lead to permanent non-compensatory endothelial cell loss. Elevated intraocular pressure can induce stromal hydration, either primarily or secondarily. With partial and full thickness corneal transplants, chronic endothelial dysfunction can be treated surgically when medical therapy proves inadequate. Practitioners should be aware of the underlying causes for corneal endothelial injury.

show abstract

“…The first-line treatment option for HSV-1 infection is acyclovir (ACV) and its analogs, all targeting to the viral DNA polymerase 5 . The effectiveness of these drugs is frequently inadequate and they suffered from (i) frequent drug resistance including emergence of mutants 6-8 , (ii) ineffective for stromal and endothelial infection 4,9,10 , (iii) side effects including nephrotoxicity induced by prolonged use 11-14 . For better alternatives, antibodies, peptides and small molecular inhibitors are under development 15 .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Intracorneal delivery of HSV-targeting CRISPR/Cas9 mRNA prevents herpetic stromal keratitis

Yin

Ling

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a leading cause of infectious blindness. Current 2 treatments for HSV-1 do not eliminate the virus and are incapable of modulating the virus 3 reservoir. Here, we target HSV-1 genome directly using mRNA-carrying lentiviral particle 4 (mLP) that simultaneously delivers spCas9 mRNA and two viral genes-targeting gRNAs 5 (designated HSV-1-erasing lentiviral particles, HELP). We showed HELP efficiently blocked 6 HSV-1 replication in both acute and recurrent infection models, and prevented occurrence of 7 herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). We further showed retrograde transportation of HELP from 8 corneas to trigeminal ganglia (TG) where HSV-1 established latency and found evidence of 9 HELP modulating herpes reservoir. Additionally, the potent antiviral activity of HELP was 10 also replicable in human-derived corneas. These results strongly support clinical development 11 of HELP as a new antiviral therapy and may accelerate mRNA-based CRISPR therapeutics. 12

show abstract

A Review of Corneal Endotheliitis and Endotheliopathy: Differential Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment

Cited by 33 publications

References 116 publications

Relationships between the clinical characteristics and copy numbers of DNA of cytomegalovirus determined by real-time PCR

Relationships between the clinical characteristics and copy numbers of DNA of cytomegalovirus determined by real-time PCR

Corneal Endothelial Decompensation

Intracorneal delivery of HSV-targeting CRISPR/Cas9 mRNA prevents herpetic stromal keratitis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About