A review of concussion diagnosis and management in Australian professional sporting codes

Gunasekaran, Premkumar; Hodge, Chris; Pearce, Alan J.; King, Doug; Fraser, Clare L.

doi:10.1080/00913847.2019.1624656

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The recruitment catchment area of the ABCD dataset included 21 participating sites that encompass more than 20% of the entire population of children in the US. The ABCD Study used local randomization in its sampling and recruitment design [ 17 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ] to ensure that the sample represents US pre-adolescents. The ABCD recruitment selected schools based on sociodemographic factors such as ethnicity, race, age, sex, SES, and urbanicity to ensure diversity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Hippocampal Volume and Working Memory in 10,000+ 9–10-Year-Old Children: Sex Differences

2021

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Aim: This study tested sex differences in the association between hippocampal volume and working memory of a national sample of 9–10-year-old children in the US. As the hippocampus is functionally lateralized (especially in task-related activities), we explored the results for the right and the left hippocampus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study data. This analysis included baseline ABCD data (n = 10,093) of children between ages 9 and 10 years. The predictor variable was right and left hippocampal volume measured by structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). The primary outcome, list sorting working memory, was measured using the NIH toolbox measure. Sex was the moderator. Age, race, ethnicity, household income, parental education, and family structure were the covariates. Results: In the overall sample, larger right (b = 0.0013; p < 0.001) and left (b = 0.0013; p < 0.001) hippocampal volumes were associated with higher children’s working memory. Sex had statistically significant interactions with the right (b = −0.0018; p = 0.001) and left (b = −0.0012; p = 0.022) hippocampal volumes on children’s working memory. These interactions indicated stronger positive associations between right and left hippocampal volume and working memory for females compared to males. Conclusion: While right and left hippocampal volumes are determinants of children’s list sorting working memory, these effects seem to be more salient for female than male children. Research is needed on the role of socialization, sex hormones, and brain functional connectivity as potential mechanisms that may explain the observed sex differences in the role of hippocampal volume as a correlate of working memory.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Hippocampal Volume and Working Memory in 10,000+ 9–10-Year-Old Children: Sex Differences

2021

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“…A stepwise return to play process is also prevalent across most sports, though some professional groups do not make these publicly available. 28 Most protocols recommend resting for 24-48 h after a concussion, with time off school or work, and rest from cognitive activity. This would include avoiding prolonged reading or time spent looking at electronic devices.…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual effects of concussion: A review

Fraser

Mobbs

2021

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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A concussion occurs when a direct or indirect force is transmitted to the brain, causing a change in brain function. Given that approximately half the brain circuits are involved in vision and the control of eye movements, a concussion frequently results in visual symptoms. Ophthalmic abnormalities are helpful in the assessment of acute concussion, identified by rapid automized naming tasks and eye movement assessments. In particular, convergence, eye-tracking and the vestibular-ocular motor screening tool may be used. For patients suffering from post-concussion syndrome more than 3 months from the original injury, abnormalities may be found in convergence, accommodation and smooth pursuit. Orthoptic exercises are useful rehabilitation tools to allow patients to return to school, work and recreation. This article provides a brief overview of concussion as it relates to vision and ophthalmic practice.

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“…36,21 Current protocols in Australian sport recommend rest and a step-wise return-to-play guideline. 37 However, recovery will be dependent on many factors including the number and severity of the existing ocular defects. Ciuffreda et al found that treatment in the form of eye tracking, accommodation and convergence exercises may expedite recovery and completely alleviate symptoms in almost 90% of patients with mTBI who have persistent oculomotor defects.…”

Section: Oculomotor Rehabilitationmentioning

confidence: 99%