A Review of Commercially Available Technologies in Developing Low Carbon Eco-cities

Zhou, Nan; He, Gang; Romankiewicz, John; Fridley, David; Fino-Chen, Cecilia

doi:10.2172/1242418

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…By contrast, barriers to CHP adoption in developing countries do not arise from risk aversion because investors typically do not face uncertain energy prices. Instead, distributed generation investment is inhibited primarily by institutional [32] and technical [33] factors such as intellectual property rights and lack of protocols for voltage control, respectively.…”

Section: Numerical Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal operation of combined heat and power under uncertainty and risk aversion

Maurovich-Horvat

Rocha

Siddiqui

2016

Energy and Buildings

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Despite the proven benefits of combined heat and power (CHP) and recently introduced subsidies to support it, CHP adoption has not met its targets. One of the possible reasons for this is risk from uncertain electricity and gas prices. To gain insights into the risk management of a CHP unit, we develop a multi-stage stochastic mean-risk optimisation model for the medium-term management of a distributed generation system with a gas-fired microturbine with heat recovery and a boiler. The model adopts the perspective of a large consumer that procures gas (for on-site generation) and electricity (for consumption) on the spot and futures markets. The consumer's risk aversion is incorporated into the model through the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) measure. We show that CHP not only decreases the consumer's expected cost and risk exposure by 10% each but also improves expected energy efficiency by 4 percentage points and decreases expected CO 2 emissions by 16%. The risk exposure can be further mitigated through the use of financial contracts.

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Section: Numerical Examplementioning

confidence: 99%