A review of coarse mineral dust in the Earth system

Adebiyi, Adeyemi A.; Kok, Jasper F.; Murray, Benjamin J.; Ryder, Claire L.; Stuut, Jan-Berend W; Kahn, R.; Knippertz, Peter; Formenti, Paola; Mahowald, N. M.; García‐Pando, Carlos Pérez; Klose, Martina; Ansmann, Albert; Samset, B. H.; Ito, Akinori; Balkanski, Yves; Biagio, Claudia Di; Romanías, Manolis N.; Huang, Yongjun; Meng, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.aeolia.2022.100849

Cited by 73 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 549 publications

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“…Many of the most effective INPs, such as mineral dusts, soil dusts, and certain biological particles, are emitted primarily from land (Kanji et al., 2017; Murray et al., 2012), and this could contribute to the land‐sea contrast in I found here. Moreover, several of the heterogeneity hot spots seen in Figure 4—such as central Asia, central South America and the western subtropical Atlantic, and the maritime region southest of South Africa—are known regions of high concentrations of mineral dust (Adebiyi et al., 2023). If dust INPs can indeed cause elevated phase heterogeneity, the disappearance of the central Asian hot spot at temperatures below −20°C could reflect the near‐complete glaciation of clouds by abundant dust particles, which become more effective INPs as temperature decreases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatial Heterogeneity of Cloud Phase Observed by Satellite

Sokol,

Storelvmo

2024

JGR Atmospheres

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We conduct a global assessment of the spatial heterogeneity of cloud phase within the temperature range where liquid and ice can coexist. Single‐shot Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization lidar retrievals are used to examine cloud phase at scales as fine as 333 m, and horizontal heterogeneity is quantified according to the frequency of switches between liquid and ice along the satellite's path. In the global mean, heterogeneity is greatest between −15 and −4°C with a peak at −5°C, when small patches of ice are prevalent within liquid‐dominated clouds. Heterogeneity “hot spots” are typically found over the extratropical continents, whereas phase is relatively homogeneous over the Southern Ocean and the eastern subtropical ocean basins, where supercooled liquid clouds dominate. Even at a fixed temperature, heterogeneity undergoes a pronounced annual cycle that, in most places, consists of a minimum during autumn or winter and a maximum during spring or summer. Based on this spatial and temporal variability, it is hypothesized that heterogeneity is affected by the availability of ice nucleating particles. These results can be used to improve the representation of subgrid‐scale heterogeneity in general circulation models, which has the potential to reduce longstanding model biases in cloud phase partitioning and radiative fluxes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatial Heterogeneity of Cloud Phase Observed by Satellite

Sokol,

Storelvmo

2024

JGR Atmospheres

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“…On the other side, all three optical properties calculated based on the AERONET PSD are bias low compared with that based on AER-D and the retrieved PSD. As the fine-mode PSD has a negligible impact on dust optical properties 495 in TIR, the result suggests that the AERONET coarse-mode PSD is highly likely to be underestimated in terms of size, which has been pointed out in several studies comparing AERONET PSD with other in-situ measurements (Müller et al, 2010;Müller et al, 2012;Mcconnell et al, 2008;Adebiyi et al, 2023). Due to the difficulties of comparing the PSD from the column-integrated retrieval to that from the lofted-layer measurement (Toledano et al, 2019), the possible reasons are as-of-yet not well-explained, which require detail investigations in the future.…”

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confidence: 75%

Thermal infrared dust optical depth and coarse-mode effective diameter retrieved from collocated MODIS and CALIOP observations

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. In this study, we developed a novel algorithm based on the collocated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) thermal infrared (TIR) observations and dust vertical profiles from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) to simultaneously retrieve dust aerosol optical depth at 10 µm (DAOD10μm) and the coarse-mode dust effective diameter (Deff) over global oceans. The accuracy of the Deff retrieval is assessed by comparing retrieved Deff with the in-situ measured dust particle size distributions (PSDs) from the AER-D, SAMUM-2 and SALTRACE field campaigns through case studies. The new DAOD10μm retrievals were evaluated first through comparisons with the collocated DAOD10.6μm retrieved from the combined Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR) and CALIOP observations from our previous study (Zheng et al. 2022). The pixel-to-pixel comparison of the two retrievals indicates a good agreement (R~0.7) and a significant reduction of (~50 %) retrieval uncertainties largely thanks to the better constraint on dust size. In a climatological comparison, the seasonal and regional (5°×2°) mean DAOD10um retrievals based on our combined MODIS and CALIOP method are in good agreement with the two independent Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) products over three dust transport regions (i.e., North Atlantic (NA; R = 0.9), Indian Ocean (IO; R = 0.8) and North Pacific (NP; R = 0.7)). Using the new retrievals from 2013 to 2017, we performed a climatological analysis of coarse mode dust Deff over global oceans. We found that dust Deff over IO and NP are up to 20 % smaller than that over NA. Over NA in summer, we found a ~50 % reduction of the number of retrievals with Deff > 5 μm from 15° W to 35° W and a stable trend of Deff average at 4.4 μm from 35° W throughout the Caribbean Sea (90° W). Over NP in spring, only ~5 % of retrieved pixels with Deff > 5 μm are found from 150° E to 180°, while the mean Deff remains stable at 4.0 μm throughout eastern NP. To our best knowledge, this study is the first to retrieve both DAOD and coarse-mode dust particle size over global oceans for multiple years. This retrieval dataset provides insightful information for evaluating dust long-wave radiative effects and coarse mode dust particle size in models.

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“…Regarding the dust size distribution, the comparison between the mass measured on the filters and the mass estimated from the size distribution shows that a substantial part of the dust mass is likely related to large particles, with a diameter larger than 50 µm (mass fraction likely higher than 50 %). Other studies have reported long-range transport of giant dust particles (with a diameter larger than 100 µm) (Varga et al, 2021;Adebiyi et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability of Saharan dust deposition revealed through a citizen science campaign

Dumont

Gascoin

Réveillet

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Saharan dust outbreaks have profound effects on ecosystems, climate, human health and the cryosphere in Europe. However, the spatial deposition pattern of Saharan dust is poorly known due to a sparse network of ground measurements. Following the extreme dust deposition event of February 2021 across Europe, a citizen science campaign was launched to sample dust on snow over the Pyrenees and the European Alps. This somewhat improvised campaign triggered wide interest since 152 samples were collected in the snow in the Pyrenees, the French Alps and the Swiss Alps in less than four weeks. An analysis of the samples showed a large variability in the dust properties and amount. We found a decrease in the deposited mass and particle sizes with distance from the source along the transport path. This spatial trend was also evident in the elemental composition of the dust as the iron mass fraction decreased from 11 % in the Pyrenees to 2 % in the Swiss Alps. At the local scale, we found a higher dust mass on south facing slopes, in agreement with estimates from high-resolution remote sensing data. This unique dataset, which resulted from the collaboration of several research laboratories and citizens, is provided as an open dataset to benefit a large community and enable further scientific investigations.

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A review of coarse mineral dust in the Earth system

Cited by 73 publications

References 549 publications

The Spatial Heterogeneity of Cloud Phase Observed by Satellite

The Spatial Heterogeneity of Cloud Phase Observed by Satellite

Thermal infrared dust optical depth and coarse-mode effective diameter retrieved from collocated MODIS and CALIOP observations

Spatial variability of Saharan dust deposition revealed through a citizen science campaign

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