A review of clothing microbiology: the history of clothing and the role of microbes in textiles

Sanders, Douglas C.; Grunden, Amy M.; Dunn, Robert R.

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2020.0700

Cited by 50 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…The formation of bacterial biofilms on textile fibers is a well-known phenomenon. The affinity for biofilm development was linked to the textile’s hydrophobic and hygroscopic properties, surrounding environment, and bacterial species [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation of bacterial biofilms on textile fibers is a well-known phenomenon. The affinity for biofilm development was linked to the textile's hydrophobic and hygroscopic properties, surrounding environment, and bacterial species [20,21]. From all the observations, the possible explanation of antibacterial activity as interpreted by the agar diffusion method could be the following, when placed on the agar From all the observations, the possible explanation of antibacterial activity as interpreted by the agar diffusion method could be the following, when placed on the agar Figure 8.…”

Section: Viable Cell Countmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Antibacterial Properties of Non-Modified Wool, Determined and Discussed in Relation to ISO 20645:2004 Standard

et al. 2022

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Wool is considered to possibly exhibit antibacterial properties due to the ability of wool clothing to reduce the build-up of odor, which arises from the microbial activity of skin microbiota. Indeed, when tested with a widely used agar diffusion plate test method, even wool or other textiles not treated with any antimicrobial agent can be interpreted to show certain antibacterial effects due to the lack of growth under the specimen, as instructed in ISO 20645:2004 standard. Therefore, we analyzed in detail what happens to bacterial cells in contact with untreated wool and cotton fabric placed on inoculated agar plates by counting viable cells attached to the specimens after 1 and 24 h of contact. All wool and several cotton samples showed no growth under the specimen. Nevertheless, it was shown without a doubt that neither textile material kills bacteria or inhibits cell multiplication. A reasonable explanation is that bacterial cells firmly attach to wool fibers forming a biofilm during multiplication. When the specimen was lifted off the nutrient agar surface, the cells in the form of biofilm remained attached to the wool fibers, removing the biomass and resulting in a clear, no growth zone underneath it. By imaging the textile specimens with X-ray microtomography, we concluded that the degree of attachment could be dependent on surface topography. The results indicate that certain textiles, in this case, wool, could exhibit antibacterial properties by removing excess bacteria that grow on the textile/skin interface when taken off the body.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Viable Cell Countmentioning

confidence: 95%

Antibacterial Properties of Non-Modified Wool, Determined and Discussed in Relation to ISO 20645:2004 Standard

et al. 2022

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“…Textiles are omnipresent and play an essential part in human society. Cloths may contain certain types of microbes, which has been recently discussed as clothing microbiology and the effect and interaction of cloths with human skin microflora [1]. Coatings of natural antimicrobial agents on the textiles or fabrics date back to ancient times, when the Egyptians used spices and herbal coatings on cloths to prepare the mummy wrap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial textile: recent developments and functional perspective

2021

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Antimicrobial textiles are functionally active textiles, which may kill the microorganisms or inhibit their growth. The present article explores the applications of different synthetic and natural antimicrobial compounds used to prepare antimicrobial textiles. Different types of antimicrobial textiles including: antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral have also been discussed. Different strategies and methods used for the detection of a textile's antimicrobial properties against bacterial and fungal pathogens as well as viral particles have also been highlighted. These antimicrobial textiles are used in a variety of applications ranging from households to commercial including air filters, food packaging, health care, hygiene, medical, sportswear, storage, ventilation and water purification systems. Public awareness on antimicrobial textiles and growth in commercial opportunities has been observed during past few years. Not only antimicrobial properties, but its durability along with the color, prints and designing are also important for fashionable clothing; thus, many commercial brands are now focusing on such type of materials. Overall, this article summarizes the scientific aspect dealing with different fabrics including natural or synthetic antimicrobial agents along with their current functional perspective and future opportunities.

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“…Antimicrobial textiles are of particular interest due to an increase in awareness of deleterious effects of microorganisms on textiles (Riaz and Ashraf 2020). The moisture content and nutrient availability in textiles offer a favorable environment for the growth of bacteria and fungi, leading to the formation of odor and deterioration of the textiles, in addition to potentially contributing to the spread of pathogenic microorganisms (Sterndorff et al 2020;Sanders et al 2021). Antimicrobial textile finishes offer a variety of potential applications including prevention of odor (Morais et al 2016) or as treatment…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2020; Sanders et al . 2021). Antimicrobial textile finishes offer a variety of potential applications including prevention of odor (Morais et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microemulsification of essential oils for the development of antimicrobial and mosquito repellent functional coatings for textiles

et al. 2021

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Aims:To develop an essential oil (EO)-loaded textile coating using an environmentally-friendly microemulsion technique to achieve both antimicrobial and mosquito repellent functionalities.Methods and Results: Minimum inhibitory concentrations and fractional inhibitory concentrations of litsea, lemon and rosemary EOs were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Trichophyton rubrum. A 1:2 mixture of litsea and lemon EOs inhibited all the microorganisms tested and was incorporated into chitosan-sodium alginate assembly by a microemulsification process. The EOloaded microemulsions were applied to cotton and polyester fabrics using a soak-pad-dry method.The textile challenge tests demonstrated 7-8 log 10 reductions of S. epidermidis, S. aureus and E. coli after 24 h and T. rubrum after 48 h. Aedes aegypti mosquito repellency was also assessed which demonstrated 71.43% repellency compared to 52.94% by neat EO-impregnated cotton.Conclusions: Textiles treated with the litsea and lemon EO microemulsion showed strong antimicrobial activity against the skin associated microorganisms E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis and T. rubrum and potential mosquito repellent properties. Significance of Study:EOs could be useful for the development of natural, environmentallyfriendly functional textiles to protect textiles and users from microbial contamination in addition to possessing other beneficial properties such as mosquito repellency.

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A review of clothing microbiology: the history of clothing and the role of microbes in textiles

Cited by 50 publications

References 133 publications

Antibacterial Properties of Non-Modified Wool, Determined and Discussed in Relation to ISO 20645:2004 Standard

Antibacterial Properties of Non-Modified Wool, Determined and Discussed in Relation to ISO 20645:2004 Standard

Antimicrobial textile: recent developments and functional perspective

Microemulsification of essential oils for the development of antimicrobial and mosquito repellent functional coatings for textiles

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