A review of climate change and the implementation of marine biodiversity legislation in the United Kingdom

Frost, Matthew; Bayliss‐Brown, Georgia; Buckley, Paul; Cox, Martyn; Dye, Stephen; Sanderson, William; Stoker, Bethany; Harvey, Narumon Withers

doi:10.1002/aqc.2628

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The surface water temperature surrounding Plymouth varies seasonally between 8 and 20 • C [30,37], a relatively wide range that is useful for evaluating satellite datasets. These waters support a wide range of ecosystem services [41], they have been increasingly exposed to anthropogenic impacts like eutrophication [42], and have been warming with climate change [43], all of which has implications for regional marine productivity and biodiversity e.g., [44][45][46]. Comparison of in situ temperature data from the kelp site with three independent sea surface temperature (SST) datasets near Plymouth, UK.…”

Section: Study Site: Plymouth United Kingdommentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Operational AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature Data at the Coastline Using Benthic Temperature Loggers

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The nearshore coastal ocean is one of the most dynamic and biologically productive regions on our planet, supporting a wide range of ecosystem services. It is also one of the most vulnerable regions, increasingly exposed to anthropogenic pressure. In the context of climate change, monitoring changes in nearshore coastal waters requires systematic and sustained observations of key essential climate variables (ECV), one of which is sea surface temperature (SST). As temperature influences physical, chemical and biological processes within coastal systems, accurate monitoring is crucial for detecting change. SST is an ECV that can be measured systematically from satellites. Yet, owing to a lack of adequate in situ data, the accuracy and precision of satellite SST at the coastline are not well known. In a prior study, we attempted to address this by taking advantage of in situ SST measurements collected by a group of surfers. Here, we make use of a three year time-series (2014-2017) of in situ water temperature measurements collected using a temperature logger (recording every 30 min) deployed within a kelp forest (∼3 m below chart datum) at a subtidal rocky reef site near Plymouth, UK. We compared the temperature measurements with three other independent in situ SST datasets in the region, from two autonomous buoys located ∼7 km and ∼33 km from the coastline, and from a group of surfers at two beaches near the kelp site. The three datasets showed good agreement, with discrepancies consistent with the spatial separation of the sites. The in situ SST measurements collected from the kelp site and the two autonomous buoys were matched with operational Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) EO SST passes, all within 1 h of the in situ data. By extracting data from the closest satellite pixel to the three sites, we observed a significant reduction in the performance of AVHRR at retrieving SST at the coastline, with root mean square differences at the kelp site over twice that observed at the two offshore buoys. Comparing the in situ water temperature data with pixels surrounding the kelp site revealed the performance of the satellite data improves when moving two to three pixels offshore and that this improvement was better when using an SST algorithm that treats each pixel independently in the retrieval process. At the three sites, we related differences between satellite and in situ SST data with a suite of atmospheric variables, collected from a nearby atmospheric observatory, and a high temporal resolution land surface temperature (LST) dataset. We found that differences between satellite and in situ SST at the coastline (kelp site) were well correlated with LST and solar zenith angle; implying contamination of the pixel by land is the principal cause of these larger differences at the coastline, as opposed to issues with atmospheric correction. This contamination could be either from land directly within the pixel, potentially impacted by errors in geo-location, or possibly through thermal adjacenc...

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Section: Study Site: Plymouth United Kingdommentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Operational AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature Data at the Coastline Using Benthic Temperature Loggers

et al. 2018

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“…Policymakers and managers may want to use the evidence supplied to make decisions, take action and even develop or amend legislation (Frost et al, 2016), which is why it is vital that some indication of uncertainty is provided with scientific information. A well-established mechanism for communicating uncertainty is the use of a 'confidence rating' (e.g.…”

Section: Lessons From the Science-policy Interface: Dealing With Uncementioning

confidence: 99%

“…MCCIP report cards and supporting evidence reviews have informed national and UK state assessments and adaptation frameworks, such the Scotland's climate change adaptation framework (Scottish Government, 2009), the Marine Planning for Wales Strategic Scoping Exercise (Welsh Government, 2015); The State of Natural Resources Report (SoNaRR) 2016 (NRW, 2016) and Charting Progress 2 (UKMMAS, 2010) and MCCIP has also been explicitly referenced in climate change legislation (Frost et al, 2016). The fact that scientific evidence on marine climate change is having such an effect on policy makes this assessment of its methodology crucial.…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reporting marine climate change impacts: Lessons from the science-policy interface

Frost

Baxter

Buckley

et al. 2017

Environmental Science & Policy

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A B S T R A C TClimate change science can trace its origins back to the early 19th Century although interest really took off in the 1980s, when public interest and research activity proliferated as the potential negative effects of global warming became clear. The impacts of climate change on the marine environment was receiving little attention at this time, but in recent years has started to "catch up" both in terms of research activity and public and policy interest. In the UK, the Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership (MCCIP) has played a key role in transferring the emerging evidence base on marine climate change impacts to decision makers through the development of climate change report cards. Since publishing its first card back in 2006, the MCCIP cards have become established as the principal source of marine climate change impacts evidence for policy makers in the UK, and similar approaches have been adopted elsewhere. Here we broadly describe how the climate change evidence base has evolved over time, with a focus on the marine evidence base, and the approach adopted in the UK by MCCIP to rapidly transfer this evidence to end users. The SIIRMS model developed by MCCIP to ensure integrity and independence in the scientific translation process is explored, along with wider lessons learnt along the way (e.g. about communicating uncertainty) and the impact MCCIP has had on informing decision making.

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“…Papers discussing these topics have become frequent only in the last three or four years, although the implications of rising temperatures on marine benthos was first discussed in Hiscock et al (). In subsequent years those papers discussing climate change are far more numerous for marine and coastal habitats (McClanahan et al, ; Cheung et al, ; Hawkins, ; Heath et al , ; Frost et al, ) than for fresh waters. The reverse is true for work on IAS, perhaps partly because there are fewer ways of controlling IAS in marine and coastal waters (Tricarico et al , ).…”

Section: Trends In Subject Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic conservation: reflections on the first 25 years

Boon

Baxter²

2016

Aquatic Conservation

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ABSTRACT1. This special issue marks the 25th anniversary of Aquatic Conservation, and comprises papers written by groups of board members from both marine and freshwater backgrounds on some of the main topics covered by the journal.2. Over the last 25 years the number of submissions to the journal has grown and the geographical range of submissions has increased, with papers from almost 100 countries. Data for 2015 show that 42% were from Europe, 15% from North America, 15% from Asia, 12% from South and Central America, 9% from Australia and New Zealand, 5% from Africa, and 2% from elsewhere.3. AQC has published 154 issues, including 15 special issues and 10 supplements, and has grown from four issues and 360 pages per year in 1992 to six issues and 1210 pages in 2016. AQC received its first Impact Factor -0.534 -in 1998, increasing to 2.415 in 2016.4. AQC publishes papers on a wide range of subjects, such as the theoretical principles underlying conservation, the status of endangered species and habitats, river basin management and habitat restoration. Areas of recent growth include climate change, the impact of invasive alien species on native species and habitats, ecosystem services and conservation genetics.5. Submissions to the journal suggest that marine conservation is a more clearly defined area of study than freshwater conservation. Factors that may be responsible include site designations exclusively for marine areas, the formation of groups and societies dedicated to conserving marine habitats and species, and the presence of large 'iconic species' (e.g. whales, sharks, dolphins) that are far more common in marine than freshwater habitats.6. The aim of this journal is to continue publishing high-quality work from all parts of the world, and to encourage scientists to recognize and promote the application of their research to practical conservation and management.

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A review of climate change and the implementation of marine biodiversity legislation in the United Kingdom

Cited by 29 publications

References 49 publications

Evaluating Operational AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature Data at the Coastline Using Benthic Temperature Loggers

Evaluating Operational AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature Data at the Coastline Using Benthic Temperature Loggers

Reporting marine climate change impacts: Lessons from the science-policy interface

Aquatic conservation: reflections on the first 25 years

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