“A review of classifications of enzymatic and non-enzymatic electrodes-based nano-carbon for detection of glucose”

Abstract

In recent years, the number of people having diabetes mellitus is steadily increasing in countries known by low and middle income. Millions of them have been diagnosed with high blood sugar. Diabetes mellitus is related to irregular carbohydrates metabolism with difficulty managing blood glucose which by the time leads to serious damage to nervous system or even macrovascular, or blood vessels. Therefore, the demand for advanced devices for glucose monitoring is highly growing. A bio-sensor is a signal detecting device generated from reactions either biological or chemical. They can be used for many purposes, for example, detection of biological molecules using in vitro and in vivo samples. Electrochemical sensors represent one of the technologies could be used for this purpose. It shows high sensitivity and mechanical strength while utilizing in physiological conditions which is a promising advantage for glucose determination. The aim of current study is to review electrodes generations for glucose detection, as well as, commonly prepared and investigated electrochemical electrodes for glucose determination. In addition, types of glucose electrodes have been mentioned here based carbon nanotubes and/or graphene as excellently conductive, stable, reproducible, and sensitive materials. The aim of current study is listing and discussing the progression of glucose generations as well as the development of glucose sensors in recent years. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic nanocarbon sensors were mainly studies and classified as glucose sensors also explained with further details regarding limit of detection