A review of cervical fractures and fracture-dislocations without head impacts sustained by restrained occupants

Huelke, Donald F.; Mackay, G M; Morris, Andrew P.; Bradford, Michael

doi:10.1016/0001-4575(93)90037-w

Cited by 23 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Blunt traumatic aortic rupture [53], sternal fractures [41], clavicle fractures [32] and shoulder dislocations [54] were also reported as a complication of seatbelts. Cervical spinal injuries were noticed to be higher in restrained children than non-restrained children [19,32,55]. …”

Section: Seatbelt-related Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seatbelts and road traffic collision injuries

2011

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Modification of seatbelts and their legislation played an important role in reducing morbidity and mortality of occupants in road traffic collisions. We aimed to review seatbelt development, its mechanism of action and its effects. Seatbelts reduce injury by preventing the occupant from hitting the interior parts of the vehicle or being ejected from the car. We have made a linear regression correlation between the overall seatbelt compliance and road traffic death rates in 46 high income countries to study the relationship between seatbelt use and mortality. There was a very highly significant negative correlation between the seatbelt compliance and road traffic death rates (R = - 0.77, F = 65.5, p < 0.00001). Seatbelt-related injuries include spinal, abdominal or pelvic injuries. The presence of a seatbelt sign must raise the suspicion of an intra-abdominal injury. These injuries can be reduced if seatbelts were applied correctly. Although seatbelts were recognized as an important safety measure, it still remains underused in many countries. Enforcement of seatbelt usage by law is mandatory so as to reduce the toll of death of road traffic collisions.

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Section: Seatbelt-related Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seatbelts and road traffic collision injuries

2011

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“…Все это привело к значительному изменению морфологических особенностей и локализации повреждений, возникающих у водителей и пассажиров при автомобильной травме. Условия и механизмы образования повреждений у пострадавших внутри салона автомобиля в момент ДТП нашли отражение в многочисленных научных публикациях, монографиях и диссертационных работах отечественных и зарубежных авторов [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

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Forensic assessment of seat belt injuries caused to a minor passenger in the rear seat

et al. 2020

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Цель работы-привлечь внимание к проблеме детского травматизма в дорожно-транспортных происшествиях. Дети-наиболее уязвимые участники дорожного движения. Ремни безопасности как элементы пассивной безопасности автомобилей не всегда могут обеспечить необходимую защиту. В некоторых случаях они выступают в качестве травмирующих предметов. Приведен случай травмы грудного отдела позвоночника (переломы тел двух грудных позвонков) у несовершеннолетнего ребенка, находившегося на бустере и фиксированного штатным ремнем безопасности. Представлены данные клинических и специальных методов исследования, а также рассмотрены варианты решения некоторых судебно-медицинских вопросов. Ключевые слова: судебно-медицинская экспертиза детей, автомобиль, ремень безопасности, переломы позвоночника, травма пассажира, магнитно-резонансная томография.

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Facet deflection and strain are dependent on axial compression and distraction in C5–C7 spinal segments under constrained flexion

Foroutan,

Quarrington,

Russo

et al. 2024

JOR Spine

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BackgroundFacet fractures are frequently associated with clinically observed cervical facet dislocations (CFDs); however, to date there has only been one experimental study, using functional spinal units (FSUs), which has systematically produced CFD with concomitant facet fracture. The role of axial compression and distraction on the mechanical response of the cervical facets under intervertebral motions associated with CFD in FSUs has previously been shown. The same has not been demonstrated in multi‐segment lower cervical spine specimens under flexion loading (postulated to be the local injury vector associated with CFD).MethodsThis study investigated the mechanical response of the bilateral inferior C6 facets of thirteen C5‐C7 specimens (67±13 yr, 6 male) during non‐destructive constrained flexion, superimposed with each of five axial conditions: (1) 50 N compression (simulating weight of the head); (2‐4) 300, 500, and 1000 N compression (simulating the spectrum of intervertebral compression resulting from neck muscle bracing prior to head‐first impact and/or externally applied compressive forces); and, (5) 2 mm of C6/C7 distraction (simulating the intervertebral distraction present during inertial loading of the cervical spine by the weight of the head). Linear mixed‐effects models (α = 0.05) assessed the effect of axial condition.ResultsIncreasing amounts of intervertebral compression superimposed on flexion rotations, resulted in increased facet surface strains (range of estimated mean difference relative to Neutral: maximum principal = 77 to 110 με, minimum principal = 126 to 293 με, maximum shear = 203 to 375 με) and angular deflection of the bilateral inferior C6 facets relative to the C6 vertebral body (range of estimated mean difference relative to Neutral = 0.59° to 1.47°).ConclusionsThese findings suggest increased facet engagement and higher load transfer through the facet joint, and potentially a higher likelihood of facet fracture under the compressed axial conditions.

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A review of cervical fractures and fracture-dislocations without head impacts sustained by restrained occupants

Cited by 23 publications

References 59 publications

Seatbelts and road traffic collision injuries

Seatbelts and road traffic collision injuries

Forensic assessment of seat belt injuries caused to a minor passenger in the rear seat

Facet deflection and strain are dependent on axial compression and distraction in C5–C7 spinal segments under constrained flexion

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