“…Recently, in-memory computing has attracted great interest, due to its ability to effectively improve the processing efficiency of big data. As a strong device candidate for in-memory computing, silicon-based 3D NAND flash memory with perfect compatibility with CMOS technology has attracted much attention [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. However, the traditional 3D NAND flash, based on a polysilicon floating gate, is confronted with the current leakage problem, which is induced by random defects in the tunnel oxide layer after repeated erasing and writing [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”