A Review of Catalytic Systems for Glycerol Oxidation: Alternatives for Waste Valorization

Abstract

Endeavours leading to the study of glycerol oxidation result from the imperative necessity for wise utilization of surplus glycerine generated as by-product from biodiesel manufacture. The oxidation of glycerol is one of the most promising reactions as it leads to the generation of valuable glycerol derivatives that find broad application in pharmaceutical, polymer, and food industries. This review highlights the processing alternatives for glycerol by means of biocatalyst-mediated, heterogeneous, homogeneous, and electrochemical oxidation. The current state of the art is evaluated and recommendations for further research and future directions are included.

Fabrication of sulfonated carbon catalyst from biomass waste and its use for glycerol esterification

“…Among these processes, esterification of glycerol into acetins is quite attractive due to the versatile industrial applications ranging from cosmetic to fuel additives out of the final products including monoacetyl glyceride (MAG), diacetyl glyceride (DAG), and triacetyl glyceride (TAG) [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Now, special interest has been focused on DAG and TAG due to their potential for vast quantity utilization as valuable biodiesel and petro-fuel additives [34,35].…”

“…As the major by-product in biodiesel production via the transesterification of natural oils with C 1 -C 4 alcohols, glycerol is valued as promising low-cost feedstocks to produce value-added chemicals [24][25][26][27][28] through etherification [29], hydrogenolysis [30], oxidation [31] and esterification [32]. Among these processes, esterification of glycerol into acetins is quite attractive due to the versatile industrial applications ranging from cosmetic to fuel additives out of the final products including monoacetyl glyceride (MAG), diacetyl glyceride (DAG), and triacetyl glyceride (TAG) [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Glycerol valorization to lactic acid catalyzed by hydroxyapatite‐supported palladium particles

“…10 wt% glycerol is produced as a by‐product in this process. Due to this feedstock availability and its economic efficiency, glycerol conversion to high‐value derivatives is helping to promote sustainable development in the biodiesel industry . Glycerol, with three functional hydroxyl groups, allows various selective catalytic transformations to chemicals (e.g.…”

“…Due to this feedstock availability and its economic efficiency, glycerol conversion to high-value derivatives is helping to promote sustainable development in the biodiesel industry. [1][2][3] Glycerol, with three functional hydroxyl groups, allows various selective catalytic transformations to chemicals (e.g. acrolein, [4][5][6] acrylic acid, 7 propanediol 8-10 and lactic acid ).…”

The role of mesoporosity and Si/Al ratio in the catalytic etherification of glycerol with benzyl alcohol using ZSM-5 zeolites

“…Glycerol has a large number of applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries [5,6]. Currently, chemical efforts focus on finding new uses for glycerol to output large surplus produced by industry and turn it into products with high added value [7,8] The catalytic transformation of glycerol into various chemicals by hydrogenolysis [9,10], polymerization [11] etherification [12,13], oxidation [14], dehydration [15,16], esterification [17] and acetalysation [18], among other, has been reported.…”