A review of cases admitted to the P. B. M. Group of Hospitals, Bikaner, during a 20 1/2-year—period (1945–1965)

Saxena, O; Saxena, S C

doi:10.1007/bf02813151

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…There seems to be a definite correlation between tissue damage and certain physiological alterations (Olurin et al 2006). Liver is the major metabolic center and any damage to this organ would subsequently do, so many physiological disturbances leading to subsequent mortality of fish (Ojolo et al 2005; Saxena et al 2008). The hepatic lesions observed in the present investigation are in accordance to the recordings made by different workers during acute exposure to different pollutants.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…António et al, (2007) studied histopathological changes in liver of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus exposed to waterborne copper and observed vacuolization and necrosis of the liver parenchyma. Moreover, it was also reported by several studies that chronic heavy metal accumulation in the liver of fish causes hepatocyte lysis, cirrhosis and ultimately death (Pourahamad & O'Brien 2000, Varanka et al 2001Saxena et al 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Chromium, Nickel and Zinc Induced Histopathological Alterations in the Liver of Indian Common Carp Labeo rohita (Ham.)

Bhatkar¹

2011

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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ABSTRACT:Degenerative histopathalogical alterations were seen in liver due to chronic exposure of the fish, Labeo rohita to chlorides of chromium, nickel and zinc for 30 days. However, more severe degenerative changes were observed in case of zinc chloride exposed fish than nickel chloride and chromium chloride treated fishes, indicating more toxic nature of zinc chloride. There were enlarged nuclei, condensation of cytoplasm and disarray of hepatic cords blood congestion in sinusoids, vacuolation of hepatocytes and necrosis. Heavy metal salts get entered in the cells by readily crossing the cell membranes where interfere with the enzyme systems in the cells resulting into morphological damage and / or their vital functions could be in jeopardy. @JASEM

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Chromium, Nickel and Zinc Induced Histopathological Alterations in the Liver of Indian Common Carp Labeo rohita (Ham.)

Bhatkar¹

2011

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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“…After 24 hr, the solidified tunnels were excavated carefully from the soil and dimensions of the cast were measured following Sinha (2014). First, the physical parameters (soil texture, water holding capacity, moisture content and porosity) as well as chemical parameters (pH) of all four soils were analyzed (Saxena, 2001). Next, to check the impact of soil type in tunnel formation as well as to see the ecological role of dung beetle in nutrient cycling, the soil nutrient analysis was done for all soil types and two groups viz., I: (control): Soil + dung beetles; and II: (experimental): soil + dung beetles+ dung were maintained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Role of Onthophagus taurus (Schreber) in Soil Nutrient Mobilization

Johari

Pandya

Sharma

et al. 2023

ije

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Dung beetles play a major role in the pasture ecosystem. The manure recycling activity of dung beetles is linked to their tunneling behavior. The present study was designed to analyze the tunnel pattern and nutrient mobilization by dung beetles, Onthophagus taurus (Schereber, 1759) in different soil types. A simple type of tunnel pattern was observed in all the four types of soil after 30th day of their introduction (10 pairs of male and female) into the experimental setup. However, the maximum number of tunnels was observed in the sandy and sandy clay loam (no. of openings - 15), followed by loamy soil (no. of openings -13). The physical (texture, water holding capacity, porosity, moisture content) and chemical parameters (pH and nutrients) of all the four types of soils were evaluated. Soil texture analysis revealed the texture to be of sandy (yellow soil), sandy clay loam (red and black soil), and loamy sand (brown soil) types. Water holding capacity and the soil porosity were recorded highest in the sandy soil, whereas moisture content was found maximum in the sandy clay loam. Soil nutrient analysis illustrated a significant increase in the amount of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), potassium (K), organic carbon and organic matter. Thus, the present study confirms that tunneling activity of O. taurus enhances the soil nutrients by carrying out dung decomposition.

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“…Examples include conversion of cyclophosphazenes to polymers (164,165); polymerization of olefins such as ethylene (128,(166)(167)(168)(169)(170)(171); graft polymerization of vinyl chloride and isobutylene (172); stereospecific polymerization of propylene (173); copolymerization of isobutylene and styrene (174,175), and other unsaturated aromatics with maleic anhydride (176); polymerization of norbornene (177), butadiene (178); preparation of electrically conducting epoxy resins (179), and polymers containing B and N (180); and selective demethylation of methoxy groups ortho to OH groups (181).…”

Section: Boron Trichloride Much Of the Bcl 3 Consumed In The Unitedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Halides

Alam¹,

Evans²,

Mani³

et al. 2003

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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The boron trihalides boron trifluoride, BF 3 , boron trichloride, BCl 3 , and boron tribromide, BBr 3 , are important industrial chemicals having increased usage as Lewis acid catalysts and in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. Boron halides are widely used in the laboratory as catalysts and reagents in numerous types of organic reactions and as starting material for many organoboron and inorganic boron compounds. Reactions of boron trihalides that are of commercial importance are those of BCl 3 and, to a lesser extent, BBr 3 , with gases in chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Boron trichloride is prepared on a large scale by the reaction of Cl 2 and a heated mixture of borax, , and crude oil residue in a rotary kiln heated to 1038°C. Boron trihalides, BX 3 , are trigonal planar molecules which are ( sp ) 2 hybridized. The X–B–X angles are 120°. The boron trihalides are strong Lewis acids; however, the order of relative acid strengths, , is contrary to that expected based on the electronegativities and atomic sizes of the halogen atoms. Boron tribromide is produced on a large scale by the reaction of Br 2 and granulated B 4 C at 850–1000°C or by the reaction of HBr with CaB 6 at high temperatures. Approximately 75–95% of the BCl 3 consumed in the United States is used to prepare boron filaments by CVD. Another important use of BCl 3 is as a Friedel‐Crafts catalyst in various polymerization, alkylation, and acylation reactions, and in other organic syntheses. BCl 3 is also used for the production of halosilanes, in the preparation of many boron compounds and in the production of optical wave guides. BBr 3 is used in the manufacture of isotopically enriched crystalline boron, as a Friedel‐Crafts catalyst in various polymerization, alkylation, and acylation reactions, and in semiconductor doping and etching. Boron subhalides are binary compounds of boron and the halogens, where the atomic ratio of halogen to boron is less than 3. The boron monohalides and boron dihalide radicals have been studied. Diboron tetraflouride, B 2 F 4 , diboron tetrachloride, B 2 Cl 4 , diboron tetrabromide, B 2 Br 4 , and diborontetraiodide, B 2 I 4 , are well‐known but thermally unstable compounds. Fluoroboric acid and the fluoroborates are commercially important to a variety of industries. The acid is used in plating circuits, in metal finishing, in the production of aluminum, and as an acid catalyst. Main group metal and ammonium fluoroborates find use as fluxes, as catalysts, and in flame‐retardant manufacture. Transition‐ and other heavy‐metal fluoroborate salts are used in the plating industry and as catalysts. Properties and manufacture are described.

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A review of cases admitted to the P. B. M. Group of Hospitals, Bikaner, during a 20 1/2-year—period (1945–1965)

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Chromium, Nickel and Zinc Induced Histopathological Alterations in the Liver of Indian Common Carp <i>Labeo rohita</i> (Ham.)

Chromium, Nickel and Zinc Induced Histopathological Alterations in the Liver of Indian Common Carp <i>Labeo rohita</i> (Ham.)

Ecological Role of <i>Onthophagus taurus</i> (Schreber) in Soil Nutrient Mobilization

Boron Halides

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