A review of Candida species causing blood stream infection

Giri, Sidhartha; Kindo, AJ

doi:10.4103/0255-0857.99484

Cited by 82 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Candida glabrata , Candida tropicalis and Candida Krusei causing infection in 20–30% of cases. 15,16 This change in the epidemiological patterns may at least be partly due to the widespread prophylactic and therapeutic use of fluconazole. 17 In ICU patients, infection with C. glabrata is shown to be associated with relatively higher mortality than other Candida spp.…”

Section: Epidemiological Insights and The Treatment Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive candidiasis in intensive care unit; consensus statement from an Iranian panel of experts, July 2013

et al. 2014

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Invasive candidiasis (IC) is associated with high mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Timely diagnosis of this potentially fatal condition remains a challenge; on the other hand, the criteria for initiating empirical antifungal therapy in critically ill patients are not well defined in different patient population and ICU settings. Alongside the international guidelines, reaching regional and local consensus on diagnosis and management of IC in ICU setting is essential. This report summarizes our present status of IC management in ICU, considered by a group of Iranian experts in the fields of intensive care and infectious diseases. A round table of 17 experts was held to review the available data and discuss the optimal treatment strategies for IC in critical care setting. Comparative published data on the management of IC were analytically reviewed and the commonly asked questions about the management of IC in ICU were isolated. These questions were interactively discussed by the panel and audience responses were taken to consolidate point-to-point agreement with the panel arriving at consensus in many instances. The responses indicated that patients’ risk stratification, clinical discretion, fungal diagnostic techniques and the empirical therapy for IC are likely to save more patients. Treatment options were recommended to be based on the disease severity, prior azole exposure, and the presence of suspected azole-resistant Candida species. This report was reviewed, edited and discussed by all participants to include further evidence-based insights. The panel expects such endorsed recommendations to be soon formulated for implementation across the country.

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Section: Epidemiological Insights and The Treatment Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive candidiasis in intensive care unit; consensus statement from an Iranian panel of experts, July 2013

et al. 2014

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“…Candida albicans exists as a benign commensal organism in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and mucous membranes of healthy individuals but causes infections in susceptible individuals [1]. Hematogenous spread of the microorganism from an infected site into the eye may cause endogenous endophthalmitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida albicans endophthalmitis in a patient with a non-functioning pituitary adenoma evolving into Cushing׳s disease: A case report

Lee

Kim

2014

Medical Mycology Case Reports

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A 53-year-old woman presented with complaints of blurred vision in the left eye. She had been treated for recurrent non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA). A vitreous biopsy followed by histopathologic examination showed the presence of Candida albicans. Meanwhile, Cushing׳s disease was diagnosed and gamma knife surgery was performed. Vitrectomy and antifungal treatment improved ocular infection and inflammation. Herein, we describe the first case of C. albicans endophthalmitis in a patient with NFPA evolving into Cushing׳s disease.

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“…Of these resulting bloodstream infections, Candida species account for 9% of all instances and are associated with an ϳ40% mortality rate (2,7). The most commonly isolated fungal pathogen from bloodstream infections is Candida albicans, but the prevalence of other species, such as Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis, is increasing (8,9). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Properties of Cationic Phenylene Ethynylenes and Their Impact on β-Glucan Exposure

Pappas

Sylejmani

Graus

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Candida species are the cause of many bloodstream infections through contamination of indwelling medical devices. These infections account for a 40% mortality rate, posing a significant risk to immunocompromised patients. Traditional treatments against Candida infections include amphotericin B and various azole treatments. Unfortunately, these treatments are associated with high toxicity, and resistant strains have become more prevalent. As a new frontier, light-activated phenylene ethynylenes have shown promising biocidal activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacterial pathogens, as well as the environmental yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we monitored the viability of Candida species after treatment with a cationic conjugated polymer [poly(p-phenylene ethynylene); PPE] or oligomer ["end-only" oligo(p-phenylene ethynylene); EO-OPE] by flow cytometry in order to explore the antifungal properties of these compounds. The oligomer was found to disrupt Candida albicans yeast membrane integrity independent of light activation, while PPE is able to do so only in the presence of light, allowing for some control as to the manner in which cytotoxic effects are induced. The contrast in killing efficacy between the two compounds is likely related to their size difference and their intrinsic abilities to penetrate the fungal cell wall. Unlike EO-OPE-DABCO (where DABCO is quaternized diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane), PPE-DABCO displayed a strong propensity to associate with soluble ␤-glucan, which is expected to inhibit its ability to access and perturb the inner cell membrane of Candida yeast. Furthermore, treatment with PPE-DABCO unmasked Candida albicans ␤-glucan and increased phagocytosis by Dectin-1-expressing HEK-293 cells. In summary, cationic phenylene ethynylenes show promising biocidal activity against pathogenic Candida yeast cells while also exhibiting immunostimulatory effects.

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A review of Candida species causing blood stream infection

Cited by 82 publications

References 55 publications

Invasive candidiasis in intensive care unit; consensus statement from an Iranian panel of experts, July 2013

Invasive candidiasis in intensive care unit; consensus statement from an Iranian panel of experts, July 2013

Candida albicans endophthalmitis in a patient with a non-functioning pituitary adenoma evolving into Cushing׳s disease: A case report

Antifungal Properties of Cationic Phenylene Ethynylenes and Their Impact on β-Glucan Exposure

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