A Review of Cancer in U.S. Hispanic Populations

Haile, Robert W.; John, Esther M.; Levine, A. Joan; Cortessis, Victoria K.; Unger, Jennifer B.; Gonzales, Melissa; Ziv, Elad; Thompson, Patricia A.; Spruijt‐Metz, Donna; Tucker, Katherine L.; Bernstein, Jonine L.; Rohan, Thomas E.; Ho, Gloria Y.F.; Bondy, Melissa L.; Martı́nez, Marı́a Elena; Cook, Linda S.; Stern, Mariana C.; Correa, Marcia Cruz; Wright, Jonelle E.; Schwartz, Seth J.; Baezconde‐Garbanati, Lourdes; Blinder, Victoria S.; Miranda, Patricia Y.; Hayes, Robin L.; Friedman‐Jiménez, George; Monroe, Kristine R.; Haiman, Christopher A.; Henderson, Brian E.; Thomas, Duncan C.; Boffetta, Paolo

doi:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0447

Cited by 96 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Conversely, the incidence rates for lung cancer among Hispanic men are much lower, and OS is better than in non-Hispanic whites. The explanations for these differences include a combination of decreased smoking rates among Hispanics, potential genetic variants (8), and histological distribution. Saeed and colleagues conducted a systematic analysis of the SEER database and determined that Hispanics had a higher rate of less aggressive histological subtypes of lung cancer (adenocarcinoma in situ and lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma) (9).…”

Section: Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update in Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma 2012

Powell

Halmos

Nana‐Sinkam

2013

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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Lung cancer remains the number one cause of cancer-related death in the United States among both men and women. It is estimated that in 2013, there will be more than 200,000 new diagnoses of lung cancer and nearly 160,000 deaths (1). Despite the discovery and application of targeted therapies, the overall survival (OS) remains poor, with an overall 5-year survival approximating 16%. In addition, there are a growing number of cases among former smokers and never smokers. However, based on research advances in 2012, there is enthusiasm that improvements in early detection, coupled with tobacco cessation and the application of novel genetic and genomics technologies, will lead to improved outcomes. EPIDEMIOLOGYAlthough more than 85% of patients diagnosed with lung cancer will have smoked at some point in their lives, only 15 to 20% of smokers will develop lung cancer, thus suggesting the involvement of additional risk factors. Studies examining the roles of various exposures, including asbestos, welding, arsenic, and concomitant lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis, and pneumonia, as risk factors independent of tobacco consumption are ongoing (2, 3). A recent large epidemiological study in more than 2,000 incident cases of lung cancer cases and control subjects identified a 36% increase in lung cancer risk among welders and flame cutters. Interestingly, welding fumes were an independent risk factor for lung cancer (4). DisparitiesA recent examination of multiple registries confirmed that African Americans have the highest incidence of lung cancer (73/100,000) (5) and have a decreased OS and lower rates of surgical resection. Factors contributing to the disparities in lung cancer include inequities in access to health care, differing perceptions regarding early detection, smoking cessation and treatment, and variation in susceptibilities to the effects of cigarette smoke (6, 7). Conversely, the incidence rates for lung cancer among Hispanic men are much lower, and OS is better than in non-Hispanic whites. The explanations for these differences include a combination of decreased smoking rates among Hispanics, potential genetic variants (8), and histological distribution. Saeed and colleagues conducted a systematic analysis of the SEER database and determined that Hispanics had a higher rate of less aggressive histological subtypes of lung cancer (adenocarcinoma in situ and lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma) (9). Investigation of these areas should help to narrow the lung cancer outcomes gap that exists between ethnic groups.

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Section: Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update in Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma 2012

Powell

Halmos

Nana‐Sinkam

2013

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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“…A higher relative mortality among Hispanics has been reported for several tumor types including EC [8-9] as well as gastric, cervical, gallbladder, liver, and thyroid cancers [18], and acute lymphocytic leukemia [18]. Only some of these cancers are believed to be driven by higher incidence, such as gastric, cervical, gallbladder, and liver cancer [18]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Disparities, Outcomes, and Surgical Utilization among Hispanics with Esophageal Cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program Database Analysis

et al. 2019

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Background: Hispanic patients with esophageal cancer (EC) have racially disparate survival outcomes compared with white patients. Objectives:We explored the impact on survival of racial differences in socioeconomic factors, tumor characteristics, and rates of surgical utilization in patients with EC. Method:Using the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) registry, we identified 22,531 cases of EC in Hispanic and white patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years in 2003–2014. Of these, 6,250 cases had locoregional EC. Patients were categorized according to age, gender, education, tumor grade, histology, primary tumor site, and surgical status. Postdiagnosis survival was examined over time and compared by race and stratified by surgical status. Results: Compared with whites, Hispanics with EC had significantly higher unadjusted mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.17; p < 0.001) as did Hispanics with locoregional EC (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.03–1.29; p = 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, several socioeconomic and tumor factors were found to be independently associated with survival by race, including county of residence income and prevalence of smoking, tumor grade, stage, and primary site, and surgical utilization. After adjusting for demographic and tumor characteristics, surgical utilization in patients with locoregional EC had a significant interaction with race on overall mortality (p = 0.01). Hispanics with locoregional EC were significantly less likely to receive surgery than whites (46 vs. 60%; p < 0.001) and not receiving surgery was associated with a significantly lower overall survival (HR 2.84; 95% CI 2.65–3.04; p < 0.001). Conclusions: A lower rate of surgery among Hispanics with potentially resectable esophageal cancer was associated with a decreased survival rate when compared to whites, even when adjusting for relevant socioeconomic and tumor factors. These data support the need to better address patient barriers to surgical treatment and the systemic biases present in medical care.

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“…Cervical cancer screenings are important because they result in early detection and early treatment of disease, however, there are differences among screening patterns of different ethnicities (Smith et al, 2011;Simard et al, 2012;Haile et al, 2012). Because of these disparities, it is imperative to assess the differences in cervical cancer survival across ethnicities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Disparities between Black Hispanic and Black Non-Hispanic Cervical Cancer Cases in the USA

Khan¹,

Gabbidon²,

Abdool-Ghany³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Globally, cervical cancer is a major public health concern. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women, resulting in approximately 500,000 cases per year. The purpose of this study is to compare disease characteristics between Black Hispanic (BH) and Black non-Hispanic (BNH) women in the US. Materials and Methods: We used stratified random sampling to select cervical cancer patient records from the SEER database (1973-2009). We used Chi-square and independent samples t-test to examine differences in proportions and means. Results: The sample included 2,000 cervical cancer cases of Black non-Hispanic and 91 Black Hispanic women. There were statistically significant differences between black Hispanic and black nonHispanics in mean age at diagnosis (p<0.001), mean survival time (p<0.001), marital status (p<0.001), primary site of cancer (p<0.001); lymph node involvement (p<0.001); grading and differentiation (p<0.0001); and tumor behavior (p<0.001). Black women were more likely to develop cervical cancer and to have the highest mortality rates from the disease. Conclusions: Findings from this study show clear racial and ethnic disparities in cervical cancer incidence and prognosis that should be addressed.

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A Review of Cancer in U.S. Hispanic Populations

Cited by 96 publications

References 145 publications

Update in Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma 2012

Update in Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma 2012

Racial Disparities, Outcomes, and Surgical Utilization among Hispanics with Esophageal Cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program Database Analysis

Health Disparities between Black Hispanic and Black Non-Hispanic Cervical Cancer Cases in the USA

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